Depression as a disease of modernity: explanations for increasing prevalence.
Depression as a disease of modernity: explanations for increasing prevalence.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jad.2011.12.036
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发表时间：
2012-11
影响因子：
6.6
通讯作者：
Hidaka, Brandon H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hidaka, Brandon H.
有很多关于现代环境导致抑郁症流行的猜测。本综述旨在（1）确定抑郁症发病率是否增加，（2）审查可能解释的证据。虽然现有数据表明，年轻人群的患病率和终生风险不断上升，但由于相互矛盾的结果和方法缺陷，无法得出强有力的结论。对于抑郁症发病率的变化，有许多潜在的解释。跨文化研究可以帮助确定可能的罪魁祸首。现代化的一般特征和具体特征与较高的风险相关。一个国家的人均GDP，作为现代化的量化指标，与心境障碍的终身风险之间的正相关性趋于显著性（p=0.06）。精神和身体健康是密切相关的。慢性病的负担越来越重，这是由于过去人类环境和现代生活之间的进化不匹配造成的，可能是抑郁症发病率上升的核心原因。社会资本的下降、不平等和孤独感的加剧是抑郁症社会环境的候选媒介。现代人口越来越多地吃得过多，营养不良，久坐不动，阳光不足，睡眠不足，社会孤立。这些生活方式的改变都会导致身体健康状况不佳，并影响抑郁症的发病率和治疗。审查结束时呼吁未来的研究和政策干预，以解决这一公共卫生危机。
There has been much speculation about modern environments causing an epidemic of depression. This review aims to (1) determine whether depression rates have increased and (2) review evidence for possible explanations. While available data indicate rising prevalence and an increased lifetime risk for younger cohorts, strong conclusions cannot be drawn due to conflicting results and methodological flaws. There are numerous potential explanations for changing rates of depression. Cross-cultural studies can be useful for identifying likely culprits. General and specific characteristics of modernization correlate with higher risk. A positive correlation between a country’s GDP per capita, as quantitative measure of modernization, and lifetime risk of a mood disorder trended toward significance (p=0.06). Mental and physical well-being are intimately related. The growing burden of chronic diseases, which arise from an evolutionary mismatch between past human environments and modern-day living, may be central to rising rates of depression. Declining social capital and greater inequality and loneliness are candidate mediators of a depressiogenic social milieu. Modern populations are increasingly overfed, malnourished, sedentary, sunlight-deficient, sleep-deprived, and socially-isolated. These changes in lifestyle each contribute to poor physical health and affect the incidence and treatment of depression. The review ends with a call for future research and policy interventions to address this public health crisis.
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影响因子：
3.1
作者：
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通讯作者：
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