Variability over 1 week in the urinary concentrations of metabolites of diethyl phthalate and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate among eight adults: an observational study.
Variability over 1 week in the urinary concentrations of metabolites of diethyl phthalate and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate among eight adults: an observational study.
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DOI：
10.1289/ehp.1002231
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发表时间：
2010-12
影响因子：
10.4
通讯作者：
Calafat AM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Preau JL Jr;Wong LY;Silva MJ;Needham LL;Calafat AM
邻苯二甲酸盐在接触后数小时内被代谢并通过尿液排出。一些报告表明，点尿样本中邻苯二甲酸酯代谢物的浓度可以提供长达几个月的邻苯二甲酸酯暴露的可靠估计。我们检查了收集所有尿液的八名成年人中邻苯二甲酸单乙酯（MEP）（邻苯二甲酸二乙酯的主要代谢物，常用于个人护理产品）和邻苯二甲酸单（2-乙基-5-羟基己基）酯（MEHHP）（邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基己基）酯（DEHP）的代谢物，饮食是其主要暴露源）浓度的人际和人内以及人际间和日内变异性。 （平均，7.6 个样本/人/天）持续 1 周。我们使用在线固相萃取结合同位素稀释-高效液相色谱-串联质谱分析了尿液样本。无论排空类型如何（现场、第一天早上、24 小时收集），对于 MEP 来说，浓度的人际差异占总差异的 75% 以上。相比之下，对于 MEHHP，人内变异性是总方差的主要贡献者 (69-83%)。此外，我们观察到 MEHHP (51%) 和 MEP (21%) 现场样品浓度的日内变化相当大。 MEP 和 MEHHP 尿浓度在 1 周内变化很大，但总方差的主要影响因素不同（日间变异性，MEHHP；人际变异性，MEP），无论采样策略如何（现场、第一天早晨、24 小时采集）。应考虑暴露的性质（饮食与其他生活方式因素）以及评估邻苯二甲酸盐暴露的尿液取样时间。对于人们主要通过饮食接触的 DEHP 和邻苯二甲酸盐，仅收集 1 天的 24 小时排泄物可能与多次点收集相比没有优势。当收集多个点尿液样本时，改变收集时间可能会提供最完整的方法来评估不同邻苯二甲酸盐的暴露情况。
Phthalates are metabolized and eliminated in urine within hours after exposure. Several reports suggest that concentrations of phthalate metabolites in a spot urine sample can provide a reliable estimation of exposure to phthalates for up to several months. We examined inter- and intraperson and inter- and intraday variability in the concentrations of monoethyl phthalate (MEP), the major metabolite of diethyl phthalate, commonly used in personal care products, and mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP), a metabolite of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), a polyvinyl chloride plasticizer of which diet is the principal exposure source, among eight adults who collected all urine voids (average, 7.6 samples/person/day) for 1 week. We analyzed the urine samples using online solid-phase extraction coupled to isotope dilution–high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Regardless of the type of void (spot, first morning, 24-hr collection), for MEP, interperson variability in concentrations accounted for > 75% of the total variance. By contrast, for MEHHP, within-person variability was the main contributor (69–83%) of the total variance. Furthermore, we observed considerable intraday variability in the concentrations of spot samples for MEHHP (51%) and MEP (21%). MEP and MEHHP urinary concentrations varied considerably during 1 week, but the main contributors to the total variance differed (interday variability, MEHHP; interperson variability, MEP) regardless of the sampling strategy (spot, first morning, 24-hr collection). The nature of the exposure (diet vs. other lifestyle factors) and timing of urine sampling to evaluate exposure to phthalates should be considered. For DEHP and phthalates to which people are mostly exposed through diet, collecting 24-hr voids for only 1 day may not be advantageous compared with multiple spot collections. When collecting multiple spot urine samples, changing the time of collection may provide the most complete approach to assess exposure to diverse phthalates.
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影响因子：
4.5
作者：
通讯作者：
--
影响因子：
7.4
作者：
Kato, K;Silva, MJ;Calafat, AM
通讯作者：
Calafat, AM
影响因子：
8
作者：
Sathyanarayana, Sheela;Karr, Catherine J.;Swan, Shanna H.
通讯作者：
Swan, Shanna H.
通过重复空气和尿液样本评估孕妇邻苯二甲酸盐暴露的特征。
影响因子：
10.4
作者：
Adibi, Jennifer J.;Whyatt, Robin M.;Williams, Paige L.;Calafat, Antonia M.;Camann, David;Herrick, Robert;Nelson, Heather;Bhat, Hari K.;Perera, Frederica A.;Silva, Manori J.;Hauser, Russ
通讯作者：
Hauser, Russ
影响因子：
10.4
作者：
Hauser R;Meeker JD;Park S;Silva MJ;Calafat AM
通讯作者：
Calafat AM