Sex-biased expression of microRNAs in Drosophila melanogaster.
Sex-biased expression of microRNAs in Drosophila melanogaster.
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DOI：
10.1098/rsob.140024
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发表时间：
2014-04-02
期刊：
影响因子：
5.8
通讯作者：
Marco A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Marco A
大多数动物有不同的性别。基因产物的差异表达，特别是基因调节因子的差异表达，是两性异形的基础。性别偏见表达的分析主要集中在蛋白质编码基因上。一些证据表明，microRNA，一类主要的基因调控因子，可能在两性异形中发挥重要作用。这一作用迄今尚未得到系统的探讨。在这里，我研究的模式物种果蝇的microRNA的性别偏见的表达模式。与蛋白质编码基因一样，性别偏见的microRNA与生殖功能有关。引人注目的是，与蛋白质编码基因相反，偏向男性的microRNA富集在X染色体中，而女性microRNA主要是常染色体的。我认为，染色体分布是高比率的从头出现的结果，以及在睾丸中表达新的microRNA的偏好。我还认为X染色体的去男性化可能不会影响microRNA。有趣的是，偏向女性的microRNA通常编码在蛋白质编码基因中，这些基因也在女性中表达。具有性别偏好表达的microRNA不优先靶向性别偏好基因转录物。这些结果有力地表明，microRNA的性别偏好表达主要是X染色体中microRNA出现率高（男性偏好）或宿主基因搭便车表达（女性偏好）的结果。
Most animals have separate sexes. The differential expression of gene products, in particular that of gene regulators, is underlying sexual dimorphism. Analyses of sex-biased expression have focused mostly on protein-coding genes. Several lines of evidence indicate that microRNAs, a class of major gene regulators, are likely to have a significant role in sexual dimorphism. This role has not been systematically explored so far. Here, I study the sex-biased expression pattern of microRNAs in the model species Drosophila melanogaster. As with protein-coding genes, sex-biased microRNAs are associated with the reproductive function. Strikingly, contrary to protein-coding genes, male-biased microRNAs are enriched in the X chromosome, whereas female microRNAs are mostly autosomal. I propose that the chromosomal distribution is a consequence of high rates of de novo emergence, and a preference for new microRNAs to be expressed in the testis. I also suggest that demasculinization of the X chromosome may not affect microRNAs. Interestingly, female-biased microRNAs are often encoded within protein-coding genes that are also expressed in females. MicroRNAs with sex-biased expression do not preferentially target sex-biased gene transcripts. These results strongly suggest that the sex-biased expression of microRNAs is mainly a consequence of high rates of microRNA emergence in the X chromosome (male bias) or hitchhiked expression by host genes (female bias).
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