Chemical contaminants in breast milk: time trends and regional variability.
Chemical contaminants in breast milk: time trends and regional variability.
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DOI：
10.1289/ehp.021100339
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发表时间：
2002-06
影响因子：
10.4
通讯作者：
Weiss PM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Solomon GM;Weiss PM
对母乳中与环境有关的化学污染物的研究跨越了几十年和几十个国家。由于缺乏一致的协议，使用这项研究作为环境指标的能力受到限制。母乳中异种抗生素的数据受到样本选择、样本汇集、分析和报告的影响。此外，大多数研究只关注一小部分持久性有机污染物，尽管有迹象表明，大量其他化学污染物也可能进入母乳。然而，尽管有这些限制，还是有可能得出一些概括。本文综述了母乳中有机氯农药、多氯联苯（PCBs）、多氯二苯并二恶英（pcdd）、多溴二苯醚（PBDEs）、金属和溶剂含量的现有数据。来自世界各地的例子说明了随着时间的推移在各个领域出现的可用数据和模式。在过去的几十年里，在禁止或管制这些化学物质的国家，母乳中有机氯农药、多氯联苯和二恶英的含量有所下降。相比之下，多溴二苯醚的含量正在上升。母乳中外源素水平的地区差异与当地历史和当前的使用模式有关。饮食是影响母乳中持久性有机污染物含量的一个主要因素，其中食用鱼类的方式起着特别重要的作用。改进的全球母乳监测项目将使长期趋势的数据更加一致，检测母乳中新的异种抗生素，并确定不成比例的暴露人群。
Research on environmentally related chemical contaminants in breast milk spans several decades and dozens of countries. The ability to use this research as an environmental indicator is limited because of a lack of consistent protocols. Data on xenobiotics in breast milk are influenced by choices in sample selection, sample pooling, analysis, and reporting. In addition, most studies have focused only on a small panel of persistent organic pollutants, despite indications that a wide range of additional chemical contaminants may also enter breast milk. Despite these limitations, however, it is possible to draw some generalizations. In this paper we review available data on levels of organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzodioxins (PCDDs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), metals, and solvents in breast milk. Examples drawn from around the world illustrate the available data and the patterns that have appeared in various areas over time. Over the past few decades, levels of the organochlorine pesticides, PCBs, and dioxins have declined in breast milk in countries where these chemicals have been banned or otherwise regulated. In contrast, the levels of PBDEs are rising. Regional differences in levels of xenobiotics in breast milk are related to historical and current local use patterns. Diet is a major factor that influences breast milk levels of persistent organic pollutants, with patterns in fish consumption playing a particularly significant role. Improved global breast milk monitoring programs would allow for more consistent data on trends over time, detection of new xenobiotics in breast milk, and identification of disproportionately exposed populations.
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影响因子：
9.8
作者：
BRADT P T;HERRENKOHL R C
通讯作者：
HERRENKOHL R C
影响因子：
8.3
作者：
Falk, C;Hanrahan, L;Patterson, D
通讯作者：
Patterson, D
影响因子：
8.8
作者：
Brouwer, A;Ahlborg, UG;Feeley, MM
通讯作者：
Feeley, MM
DOI：
10.1080/15287399209531658
发表时间：
1992-09-01
期刊：
JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH
影响因子：
--
作者：
CLENCHAAS, J;BARTONOVA, A;LINDSTROM, G
通讯作者：
LINDSTROM, G
影响因子：
10.4
作者：
Fürst P;Fürst C;Wilmers K
通讯作者：
Wilmers K