The gene transformer of anastrepha fruit flies (Diptera, tephritidae) and its evolution in insects.
The gene transformer of anastrepha fruit flies (Diptera, tephritidae) and its evolution in insects.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0001239
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发表时间：
2007-11-28
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Sanchez, Lucas
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fernanda Ruiz, Maria;Milano, Andreina;Salvemini, Marco;Maria Eirin-Lopez, Jose;Perondini, Andre L. P.;Selivon, Denise;Polito, Catello;Saccone, Giuseppe;Sanchez, Lucas
在猪角绦虫和油小实蝇中，基因转换器通过自动调节功能充当了性别决定的记忆装置；功能性Tra蛋白只在雌性体内产生。本文研究了基因tra的进化，该基因在属于较少被广泛分析的兔属的12个种中被表征。我们的研究提供了以下主要结论。首先，该基因在绦虫性别决定中使用的记忆装置机制可能存在于Ceratitis、Bactrocera和Anastrepha系统发育谱系的共同祖先中。这种机制代表了相对于在更进化的果蝇谱系中看到的现存级联的祖先状态。其次，在这些动物中，transformer2特异性结合内含子剪接沉默位点存在于transformer2的剪接调控区，而不在双性前mrna中。因此，这些位点可能为假定的伤寒中Tra-Tra2复合体的双剪接活性提供了鉴别特征。它在dsx前mRNA剪接中作为剪接激活因子（其与女性特异性外显子的结合促进了该外显子包含到成熟mRNA中），在tra前mRNA剪接中作为剪接抑制剂（其与男性特异性外显子的结合阻止了这些外显子包含到成熟mRNA中）。此外，在伤寒Tra蛋白的特定氨基末端区域发现了一个高度保守的区域，该区域可能参与Tra的自调节功能，从而参与其抑制剪接行为。最后，Tra蛋白保守了SR二肽，这是Tra功能所必需的。
In the tephritids Ceratitis capitata and Bactrocera oleae, the gene transformer acts as the memory device for sex determination, via an auto-regulatory function; and functional Tra protein is produced only in females. This paper investigates the evolution of the gene tra, which was characterised in twelve tephritid species belonging to the less extensively analysed genus Anastrepha. Our study provided the following major conclusions. Firstly, the memory device mechanism used by this gene in sex determination in tephritids likely existed in the common ancestor of the Ceratitis, Bactrocera and Anastrepha phylogenetic lineages. This mechanism would represent the ancestral state with respect to the extant cascade seen in the more evolved Drosophila lineage. Secondly, Transformer2-specific binding intronic splicing silencer sites were found in the splicing regulatory region of transformer but not in doublesex pre-mRNAs in these tephritids. Thus, these sites probably provide the discriminating feature for the putative dual splicing activity of the Tra-Tra2 complex in tephritids. It acts as a splicing activator in dsx pre-mRNA splicing (its binding to the female-specific exon promotes the inclusion of this exon into the mature mRNA), and as a splicing inhibitor in tra pre-mRNA splicing (its binding to the male-specific exons prevents the inclusion of these exons into the mature mRNA). Further, a highly conserved region was found in the specific amino-terminal region of the tephritid Tra protein that might be involved in Tra auto-regulatory function and hence in its repressive splicing behaviour. Finally, the Tra proteins conserved the SR dipeptides, which are essential for Tra functionality.
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