How electoral vulnerability affects pension politics: Introducing a concept, measure and empirical application

How electoral vulnerability affects pension politics: Introducing a concept, measure and empirical application
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选举脆弱性如何影响养老金政治:介绍概念、测量和实证应用

DOI:
10.1111/1475-6765.12037
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发表时间:
2014
影响因子:
5.3
通讯作者:
Abou-Chadi
Abou-Chadi
中科院分区:
法学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Immergut;Abou-Chadi

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在选举中处于弱势的政客真的不太可能支持有争议的立法,比如养老金改革吗?虽然关于福利国家紧缩的文献越来越多地指出选举因素在社会政策削减的动态中所起的作用,但很少有研究真正衡量选举压力的大小及其对改革政治的后续影响。为此,作者开发了一种定量衡量政治家选举脆弱性的方法,并使用包含1980年至2003年16个西欧国家的原始数据集测试了其对养老金改革结果的影响。与预期一致,结果表明,选举脆弱性对改革的影响取决于利益中介制度。在社团主义制度中,选举的脆弱性确实阻碍了改革。但在多元化制度中,选举脆弱性的增加与改革水平的提高有关。这是因为社团主义(而不是多元主义)制度下的工会可以在立法前的谈判中利用选举的脆弱性,从而向政治家施压。因此,这项研究对民主国家对更普遍的再分配问题的不同反应具有更广泛的影响。
Are electorally vulnerable politicians really less likely to support controversial legislation, such as pension reforms? While the literature on welfare state retrenchment has increasingly pointed to the role of electoral factors in the dynamics of social policy cutbacks, there are few studies that actually measure the magnitude of electoral pressure and its consequent impact on the politics of reform. To this end, the authors have developed a quantitative measure of the electoral vulnerability of politicians and tested its impact on pension reform outcomes using an original dataset comprising 16 Western European countries from 1980 to 2003. In line with expectations, the results show that the impact of electoral vulnerability on reform depends upon the system of interest intermediation. In corporatist systems, electoral vulnerability indeed impedes reform. But in pluralist systems, increased electoral vulnerability is associated with higher levels of reform. This is because unions in corporatist (but not in pluralist) systems can exploit electoral vulnerability in pre‐legislative bargaining, and thus pressure politicians. Consequently, this study has broader implications for the differential responsiveness of democracies to redistributive issues more generally.
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