Impact of HIV on the Oral Microbiome of Children Living in Sub-Saharan Africa, Determined by Using an rpoC Gene Fragment Metataxonomic Approach.
Impact of HIV on the Oral Microbiome of Children Living in Sub-Saharan Africa, Determined by Using an rpoC Gene Fragment Metataxonomic Approach.
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DOI：
10.1128/spectrum.00871-23
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发表时间：
2023-08-17
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Richards, Vincent
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mann, Allison M.;O'Connell, Lauren;Osagie, Esosa;Akhigbe, Paul;Obuekwe, Ozoemene;Omoigberale, Augustine;Kelly, Colton O.;Coker, Modupe P.;Richards, Vincent
感染艾滋病毒的儿童有较高的口腔疾病患病率，包括龋齿，但这种较高患病率背后的机制尚不清楚。在这里，我们验证了HIV感染与更容易引起龋齿的口腔微生物组相关的假设，其特征是参与龋齿发病的细菌增加。我们提供了从484名儿童中收集的龈上斑块生成的数据，这些儿童代表三个暴露组：(i)感染艾滋病毒的儿童（HI）， （ii）围产期暴露但未感染的儿童（HEU），以及（iii）未暴露但未感染的儿童（HUU）。我们发现HI儿童的微生物组不同于HEU和HUU儿童，并且这种区别在患病牙齿中比健康牙齿更明显，这表明随着龋齿的进展，HIV的影响更严重。此外，我们报告，与年轻HI队列相比，老年HI队列中细菌多样性增加，社区相似性降低，这可能部分是HIV和/或其治疗的长期影响。最后，虽然变形链球菌通常是晚期龋齿的优势种，但在我们的HI队列中发现的频率往往低于其他组。我们的研究结果强调了龈上菌斑微生物组的分类多样性，并表明广泛和日益个性化的生态变化是艾滋病毒感染儿童龋齿发病的原因，加上对已知的龋齿分类群的多样性和可能严重的影响，可能会加剧龋齿。自从1980年代初确认艾滋病毒是一种全球流行病以来，约有8 420万人被诊断患有艾滋病毒，4 010万人死于与艾滋病有关的疾病。抗逆转录病毒治疗方案的发展和全球可得性的提高大大降低了艾滋病毒和艾滋病的死亡率，但2021年报告的新感染人数约为150万，其中51%在撒哈拉以南非洲。艾滋病毒感染者患龋齿和其他慢性口腔疾病的患病率较高，其机制尚不清楚。在这里，我们使用一种新的遗传方法来表征感染艾滋病毒的儿童的龈上菌斑微生物组，并将其与未感染和围产期暴露的儿童的微生物组进行比较，以更好地了解口腔细菌在艾滋病毒暴露和感染背景下蛀牙的病因学中的作用。
Children living with HIV have a higher prevalence of oral diseases, including caries, but the mechanisms underlying this higher prevalence are not well understood. Here, we test the hypothesis that HIV infection is associated with a more cariogenic oral microbiome, characterized by an increase in bacteria involved in the pathogenesis of caries. We present data generated from supragingival plaques collected from 484 children representing three exposure groups: (i) children living with HIV (HI), (ii) children who were perinatally exposed but uninfected (HEU), and (iii) unexposed and therefore uninfected children (HUU). We found that the microbiome of HI children is distinct from those of HEU and HUU children and that this distinction is more pronounced in diseased teeth than healthy teeth, suggesting that the impact of HIV is more severe as caries progresses. Moreover, we report both an increase in bacterial diversity and a decrease in community similarity in our older HI cohort compared to our younger HI cohort, which may in part be a prolonged effect of HIV and/or its treatment. Finally, while Streptococcus mutans is often a dominant species in late-stage caries, it tended to be found at lower frequency in our HI cohort than in other groups. Our results highlight the taxonomic diversity of the supragingival plaque microbiome and suggest that broad and increasingly individualistic ecological shifts are responsible for the pathogenesis of caries in children living with HIV, coupled with a diverse and possibly severe impact on known cariogenic taxa that potentially exacerbates caries. IMPORTANCE Since its recognition as a global epidemic in the early 1980s, approximately 84.2 million people have been diagnosed with HIV and 40.1 million people have died from AIDS-related illnesses. The development and increased global availability of antiretroviral treatment (ART) regimens have dramatically reduced the mortality rate of HIV and AIDS, yet approximately 1.5 million new infections were reported in 2021, 51% of which are in sub-Saharan Africa. People living with HIV have a higher prevalence of caries and other chronic oral diseases, the mechanisms of which are not well understood. Here, we used a novel genetic approach to characterize the supragingival plaque microbiome of children living with HIV and compared it to the microbiomes of uninfected and perinatally exposed children to better understand the role of oral bacteria in the etiology of tooth decay in the context of HIV exposure and infection.
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影响因子：
64.8
作者：
通讯作者：
--
影响因子：
5.1
作者：
Ben Hania, Wajdi;Joseph, Manon;Spring, Stefan
通讯作者：
Spring, Stefan
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Lif Holgerson P;Öhman C;Rönnlund A;Johansson I
通讯作者：
Johansson I
影响因子：
48
作者：
Callahan BJ;McMurdie PJ;Rosen MJ;Han AW;Johnson AJ;Holmes SP
通讯作者：
Holmes SP
影响因子：
3.8
作者：
Brennan, Alana T.;Bonawitz, Rachael;Fox, Matthew P.
通讯作者：
Fox, Matthew P.