Genetic engineering of grass cell wall polysaccharides for biorefining.
Genetic engineering of grass cell wall polysaccharides for biorefining.
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DOI：
10.1111/pbi.12764
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发表时间：
2017-09
影响因子：
13.8
通讯作者：
Bosch M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bhatia R;Gallagher JA;Gomez LD;Bosch M
草类是一种丰富而广泛的木质纤维素生物质来源，作为生物精炼成可再生和可持续的生物燃料和商品化学品的原料，它尚未发挥其潜力。木质纤维素材料对解构的固有抵抗性是生物质生物精炼商业可行性和经济可行性的最关键限制。在过去的十年中，针对草类的基因工程已经变得更加熟练，使合理的方法来修饰木质纤维素，目的是使其更适合生物转化。本文就草细胞壁多糖生物精制的转基因策略和靶点进行综述。这里总结的生物工程努力和机会主要依赖于(A)重新编程负责木质纤维素生物合成的基因调控网络，(B)重塑细胞壁多糖的化学结构和取代模式，(C)表达植物中木质纤维素降解和/或修饰酶。可以预见，通过这种策略对草细胞壁多糖进行合理的工程处理，可以帮助实现经济上可持续的草源木质纤维素加工业。
Grasses represent an abundant and widespread source of lignocellulosic biomass, which has yet to fulfil its potential as a feedstock for biorefining into renewable and sustainable biofuels and commodity chemicals. The inherent recalcitrance of lignocellulosic materials to deconstruction is the most crucial limitation for the commercial viability and economic feasibility of biomass biorefining. Over the last decade, the targeted genetic engineering of grasses has become more proficient, enabling rational approaches to modify lignocellulose with the aim of making it more amenable to bioconversion. In this review, we provide an overview of transgenic strategies and targets to tailor grass cell wall polysaccharides for biorefining applications. The bioengineering efforts and opportunities summarized here rely primarily on (A) reprogramming gene regulatory networks responsible for the biosynthesis of lignocellulose, (B) remodelling the chemical structure and substitution patterns of cell wall polysaccharides and (C) expressing lignocellulose degrading and/or modifying enzymes in planta. It is anticipated that outputs from the rational engineering of grass cell wall polysaccharides by such strategies could help in realizing an economically sustainable, grass‐derived lignocellulose processing industry.
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