Does anxiety explain why math-anxious people underperform in math?
Does anxiety explain why math-anxious people underperform in math?
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DOI：
10.1038/s41539-023-00156-z
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发表时间：
2023-03-21
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Lyons, Ian M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Daker, Richard J.;Gattas, Sylvia U.;Necka, Elizabeth A.;Green, Adam E.;Lyons, Ian M.
数学焦虑的人在数学上一直表现不佳。对于这种表现不佳的原因，最被广泛接受的解释是，数学焦虑的人在面对数学时会感到高度焦虑，而这种即时焦虑会干扰表现。令人惊讶的是，这种解释尚未得到直接验证。在这里，使用自我报告和焦虑的生理指标，我们直接测试了即时焦虑在多大程度上解释了数学焦虑的表现不佳。结果表明，即时焦虑确实解释了为什么数学焦虑的人表现不佳，但只是部分解释，这表明需要认真考虑其他机制。研究结果还显示，虽然一些高度数学焦虑的人——心率变异性高的人——经历的即时焦虑较少，但他们的数学成绩并没有提高。对于这些人来说，数学焦虑表现不佳的原因一定与当时的焦虑无关。更广泛地说，我们的研究结果表明，数学焦虑表现不佳的机制存在显著的个体异质性。对这种机制异质性的解释可能对数学焦虑症患者数学表现的最佳提升至关重要。
Math-anxious people consistently underperform in math. The most widely accepted explanation for why this underperformance occurs is that math-anxious people experience heightened anxiety when faced with math, and this in-the-moment anxiety interferes with performance. Surprisingly, this explanation has not been tested directly. Here, using both self-report and physiological indices of anxiety, we directly test how much in-the-moment anxiety explains math-anxious underperformance. Results indicate that in-the-moment anxiety indeed explains why math-anxious people underperform—but only partially, suggesting a need to seriously consider alternative mechanisms. Results also showed that while some highly math-anxious individuals—those with high levels of heart rate variability—experienced less in-the-moment anxiety, they nevertheless performed no better at math. For these individuals, math-anxious underperformance must occur for reasons unrelated to in-the-moment anxiety. More broadly, our findings point to substantial individual heterogeneity in the mechanisms underlying math-anxious underperformance. Accounting for this mechanistic heterogeneity may prove vital for optimally boosting math performance in math-anxious individuals.
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