Human gene age dating reveals an early and rapid evolutionary construction of the adaptive immune system.
Human gene age dating reveals an early and rapid evolutionary construction of the adaptive immune system.
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DOI：
10.1093/gbe/evad081
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发表时间：
2023-05-12
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Chen, Sidi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zhang, Li;Park, Jonathan J.;Dong, Matthew B.;Arsala, Deanna;Xia, Shengqian;Chen, Jianhai;Sosa, Dylan;Atlas, Jared E.;Long, Manyuan;Chen, Sidi
T细胞是一种白细胞，通过称为T细胞适应性免疫（TCAI）的过程，在对抗外来病原体的免疫反应中发挥关键作用。然而，与TCAI相关的基因和核苷酸序列的进化尚不清楚。为了研究这一点，我们对28种脊椎动物的基因注释和基因组组装进行了比较研究，并确定了与TCAI、致癌和衰老有关的人类基因组。我们发现这些基因集共享相互作用途径，这可能有助于脊椎动物谱系的长寿进化，从而导致人类。我们的人类基因年龄分析显示，早在白垩纪真动物辐射之前，具有tcai相关功能的基因就已经快速形成，这些新基因主要编码负调控因子。在胎盘哺乳动物分化后，我们没有发现新的tcai相关基因，但我们确实在最近进化的人类免疫基因中发现了大量的氨基酸替换，这表明它们与适应性免疫共同进化。更具体地说，我们观察到抗原加工和递呈以及检查点基因在正选择下进化的新基因中显著富集。这些观察结果揭示了TCAI的进化过程与脊椎动物早期阶段的快速基因复制以及随后TCAI相关基因的序列变化有关。对脊椎动物基因组的分析提供了证据，证明适应性免疫基因的“大爆炸”发生在3 -5亿年前。这些过程共同表明脊椎动物免疫系统的早期遗传结构和随后对不同抗原的分子适应。
T cells are a type of white blood cell that play a critical role in the immune response against foreign pathogens through a process called T cell adaptive immunity (TCAI). However, the evolution of the genes and nucleotide sequences involved in TCAI is not well understood. To investigate this, we performed comparative studies of gene annotations and genome assemblies of 28 vertebrate species and identified sets of human genes that are involved in TCAI, carcinogenesis, and aging. We found that these gene sets share interaction pathways, which may have contributed to the evolution of longevity in the vertebrate lineage leading to humans. Our human gene age dating analyses revealed that there was rapid origination of genes with TCAI-related functions prior to the Cretaceous eutherian radiation and these new genes mainly encode negative regulators. We identified no new TCAI-related genes after the divergence of placental mammals, but we did detect an extensive number of amino acid substitutions under strong positive selection in recently evolved human immunity genes suggesting they are coevolving with adaptive immunity. More specifically, we observed that antigen processing and presentation and checkpoint genes are significantly enriched among new genes evolving under positive selection. These observations reveal evolutionary processes of TCAI that were associated with rapid gene duplication in the early stages of vertebrates and subsequent sequence changes in TCAI-related genes. The analysis of vertebrate genomes provides evidence that a "big bang" of adaptive immune genes occurred 300-500 million years ago. These processes together suggest an early genetic construction of the vertebrate immune system and subsequent molecular adaptation to diverse antigens.
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影响因子：
64.5
作者：
Davoli T;Xu AW;Mengwasser KE;Sack LM;Yoon JC;Park PJ;Elledge SJ
通讯作者：
Elledge SJ
影响因子：
10.7
作者：
Hedges SB;Marin J;Suleski M;Paymer M;Kumar S
通讯作者：
Kumar S
影响因子：
32.4
作者：
Forni, Diego;Cagliani, Rachele;Sironi, Manuela
通讯作者：
Sironi, Manuela
影响因子：
13.6
作者：
Chatzidoukaki O;Stratigi K;Goulielmaki E;Niotis G;Akalestou-Clocher A;Gkirtzimanaki K;Zafeiropoulos A;Altmüller J;Topalis P;Garinis GA
通讯作者：
Garinis GA
DOI：
10.1038/nrg2703
发表时间：
2010-01
期刊：
Nature reviews. Genetics
影响因子：
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