Centromere identity from the DNA point of view.
Centromere identity from the DNA point of view.
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DOI：
10.1007/s00412-014-0462-0
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发表时间：
2014-08
期刊：
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
Mravinac B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Plohl M;Meštrović N;Mravinac B
着丝粒是一个染色体位点，负责在细胞分裂过程中忠实地分离遗传物质。很明显，着丝粒可以建立在任何DNA序列上，DNA序列和最突出的着丝粒标识符，蛋白质组分和表观遗传标记之间可能的协同作用仍然不确定。然而，似乎存在一些进化偏好，并且长期建立的着丝粒经常在卫星DNA和/或转座元件的长阵列上形成。最近在了解功能性着丝粒序列方面的进展主要是基于与着丝粒特异性组蛋白H3变体相互作用的序列的高分辨率DNA图谱，该变体是活性着丝粒的最可靠标记。此外，序列组装和大型重复着丝粒区域的映射，以及比较基因组分析提供了深入了解其复杂的组织和进化。在着丝粒区域的转录领域的迅速发展突出了着丝粒转录本的功能重要性。在这里，我们全面回顾了目前的知识水平上的DNA序列的组成和功能的活性着丝粒，并讨论了它们的贡献，在高等真核生物中不同的着丝粒类型的功能。
The centromere is a chromosomal locus responsible for the faithful segregation of genetic material during cell division. It has become evident that centromeres can be established literally on any DNA sequence, and the possible synergy between DNA sequences and the most prominent centromere identifiers, protein components, and epigenetic marks remains uncertain. However, some evolutionary preferences seem to exist, and long-term established centromeres are frequently formed on long arrays of satellite DNAs and/or transposable elements. Recent progress in understanding functional centromere sequences is based largely on the high-resolution DNA mapping of sequences that interact with the centromere-specific histone H3 variant, the most reliable marker of active centromeres. In addition, sequence assembly and mapping of large repetitive centromeric regions, as well as comparative genome analyses offer insight into their complex organization and evolution. The rapidly advancing field of transcription in centromere regions highlights the functional importance of centromeric transcripts. Here, we comprehensively review the current state of knowledge on the composition and functionality of DNA sequences underlying active centromeres and discuss their contribution to the functioning of different centromere types in higher eukaryotes.
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