Recent rapid rise of a permethrin knock down resistance allele in Aedes aegypti in México.
Recent rapid rise of a permethrin knock down resistance allele in Aedes aegypti in México.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pntd.0000531
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发表时间：
2009-10-13
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Black IV WC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
García GP;Flores AE;Fernández-Salas I;Saavedra-Rodríguez K;Reyes-Solis G;Lozano-Fuentes S;Guillermo Bond J;Casas-Martínez M;Ramsey JM;García-Rejón J;Domínguez-Galera M;Ranson H;Hemingway J;Eisen L;Black IV WC
埃及伊蚊（Aedes aegypti），即“黄热病蚊子”，是登革热和黄热病黄病毒（DENV，YFV）对人类的主要载体，并且是基孔肯雅甲病毒（CV）的已知载体。由于DENV或CV的疫苗尚未上市，或者在发展中国家（YFV）的分布不足，因此Ae的管理。埃及仍然是预防和控制这些虫媒病毒引起的疾病爆发的主要选择。氯菊酯是目前应用最广泛的杀虫活性成分之一。埃及人。2007年，我们记录了Ae的电压门控钠通道基因（帕拉）密码子1，016的替换突变。埃及伊蚊，编码异亮氨酸而不是缬氨酸，并赋予对氯菊酯的抗性。Ile 1，016作为隐性等位基因分离，在瓶生物测定中，在5-10 µg氯菊酯下，赋予纯合蚊子敲低抗性。共收集了81个野外样本，其中3，951个为Ae。1996年至2009年，埃及人在整个梅西科制造。使用熔解曲线PCR测定分析这些蚊子的Ile 1，016突变频率。从20世纪90年代末到2006-2009年，在几个州，包括北部的努埃沃、大西洋沿岸中部的韦拉克鲁斯、南部的尤卡坦、金塔纳罗奥和恰帕斯，记录了Ile 1，016的频率急剧增加。从1996年到2000年，Ile 1，016的总体频率为0.04%（95%置信区间（CI 95）= 0.12%; n = 1，359只蚊子）。 最早发现Ile 1,016的是1997年在美国边境的新拉雷多。到2003-2004年，Ile 1，016的总频率增加了100倍，达到2.7%（±0.80% CI 95; n = 808）。 2006年再次检查时，频率略微增加至3.9%（±1.15% CI 95; n = 473）。 随后在2007-2009年，Ile 1，016频率突然跃升至33.2%（± 1.99%CI 95; n = 1，074只蚊子）。 在2007-2008年的样本中，Ile 1，016频率存在空间异质性，其范围从韦拉克鲁斯州的45.7%（± 2.00%CI 95）到尤卡坦半岛的51.2%（± 4.36%CI 95）和恰帕斯州塔帕丘拉及其周围的14.5%（± 2.23%CI 95）。在较小的地理尺度上，空间异质性也很明显。例如，在金塔纳罗奥的切图马尔市，Ile 1，016的频率从38.3%到88.3%不等。基于2007年7个样本的线性回归分析显示，Ile 1，016纯合子的频率准确预测了生物测定中暴露于氯菊酯的蚊子的击倒率（R2 = 0.98）。 我们已经记录了Ae的电压门控钠通道基因中Ile 1，016突变频率的急剧增加。梅西科的埃及人。这可能与在蚊子控制计划中大量使用氯菊酯杀虫剂有关。2007年和2008年收集的Ile 1，016频率的空间异质性可能反映了选择压力或Ile 1，016初始频率的差异。Ile 1，016最近的快速增加是通过对隐性等位基因的正向选择的简单模型预测的。不幸的是，该模型也预测快速固定的Ile 1，016，除非有负健身与Ile 1，016在氯菊酯的情况下。如果是这样，那么易感的Ae.可以建立不同种类杀成虫剂的埃及或轮换时间表，以减缓或防止Ile 1，016的固定。拟除虫菊酯杀虫剂延长昆虫神经中电压依赖性钠通道的开放，以产生瞬间麻痹和“击倒”。许多昆虫通过非同义突变，减少拟除虫菊酯在通道中的结合，从而进化出击倒抗性。2006年，我们在虫媒病毒蚊子载体埃及伊蚊（Aedes aegypti）中发现了一个这样的突变，称为Ile 1，016，它赋予了这种突变纯合子蚊子对拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂氯菊酯非常高的击倒抗性。我们研究了Ae的集合。在1996-2009年期间从梅西科采集的埃及人中发现，根据采集地点，Ile 1，016的总体频率从1996-2000年的<0.1%增加到2003-2006年的2%-5%，2007-2009年的38.3%-88.3%。我们还证明了Ile 1，016纯合子的频率与生物测定中的敲低率之间存在很强的线性关系，并推测梅西科广泛使用的氯菊酯杀虫剂可能会影响Ile 1，016的频率。这种快速增长是由一个简单的模型预测的积极方向选择作用于隐性等位基因。不幸的是，该模型还预测快速固定的Ile 1，016，除非有一个负的健身与Ile 1，016在氯菊酯的情况下，如果杀虫压力可以降低。
Aedes aegypti, the ‘yellow fever mosquito’, is the primary vector to humans of dengue and yellow fever flaviviruses (DENV, YFV), and is a known vector of the chikungunya alphavirus (CV). Because vaccines are not yet available for DENV or CV or are inadequately distributed in developing countries (YFV), management of Ae. aegypti remains the primary option to prevent and control outbreaks of the diseases caused by these arboviruses. Permethrin is one of the most widely used active ingredients in insecticides for suppression of adult Ae. aegypti. In 2007, we documented a replacement mutation in codon 1,016 of the voltage-gated sodium channel gene (para) of Ae. aegypti that encodes an isoleucine rather than a valine and confers resistance to permethrin. Ile1,016 segregates as a recessive allele conferring knockdown resistance to homozygous mosquitoes at 5–10 µg of permethrin in bottle bioassays. A total of 81 field collections containing 3,951 Ae. aegypti were made throughout México from 1996 to 2009. These mosquitoes were analyzed for the frequency of the Ile1,016 mutation using a melting-curve PCR assay. Dramatic increases in frequencies of Ile1,016 were recorded from the late 1990's to 2006–2009 in several states including Nuevo León in the north, Veracruz on the central Atlantic coast, and Yucatán, Quintana Roo and Chiapas in the south. From 1996 to 2000, the overall frequency of Ile1,016 was 0.04% (95% confidence interval (CI95) = 0.12%; n = 1,359 mosquitoes examined). The earliest detection of Ile1,016 was in Nuevo Laredo on the U.S. border in 1997. By 2003–2004 the overall frequency of Ile1,016 had increased ∼100-fold to 2.7% (±0.80% CI95; n = 808). When checked again in 2006, the frequency had increased slightly to 3.9% (±1.15% CI95; n = 473). This was followed in 2007–2009 by a sudden jump in Ile1,016 frequency to 33.2% (±1.99% CI95; n = 1,074 mosquitoes). There was spatial heterogeneity in Ile1,016 frequencies among 2007–2008 collections, which ranged from 45.7% (±2.00% CI95) in the state of Veracruz to 51.2% (±4.36% CI95) in the Yucatán peninsula and 14.5% (±2.23% CI95) in and around Tapachula in the state of Chiapas. Spatial heterogeneity was also evident at smaller geographic scales. For example within the city of Chetumal, Quintana Roo, Ile1,016 frequencies varied from 38.3%–88.3%. A linear regression analysis based on seven collections from 2007 revealed that the frequency of Ile1,016 homozygotes accurately predicted knockdown rate for mosquitoes exposed to permethrin in a bioassay (R2 = 0.98). We have recorded a dramatic increase in the frequency of the Ile1,016 mutation in the voltage-gated sodium channel gene of Ae. aegypti in México from 1996 to 2009. This may be related to heavy use of permethrin-based insecticides in mosquito control programs. Spatial heterogeneity in Ile1,016 frequencies in 2007 and 2008 collections may reflect differences in selection pressure or in the initial frequency of Ile1,016. The rapid recent increase in Ile1,016 is predicted by a simple model of positive directional selection on a recessive allele. Unfortunately this model also predicts rapid fixation of Ile1,016 unless there is negative fitness associated with Ile1,016 in the absence of permethrin. If so, then spatial refugia of susceptible Ae. aegypti or rotational schedules of different classes of adulticides could be established to slow or prevent fixation of Ile1,016. Pyrethroid insecticides prolong the opening of voltage-dependent sodium channels in insect nerves to produce instant paralysis and “knock-down.” Many insects have evolved knock-down resistance through nonsynonymous mutations that reduce pyrethroid binding in the channels. In 2006 we discovered one such mutation in the arbovirus mosquito vector Aedes aegypti, called Ile1,016, that confers very high knockdown resistance to the pyrethroid insecticide permethrin in mosquitoes homozygous for this mutation. We examined collections of Ae. aegypti from México during 1996–2009 and found that the overall Ile1,016 frequency increased from <0.1% in 1996–2000, to 2%–5% in 2003–2006, to 38.3%–88.3% in 2007–2009 depending upon collection location. We also demonstrate a strong linear relationship between the frequency of Ile1,016 homozygotes and knockdown rate in bioassays and speculate that widespread use of permethrin-based insecticides in México may be impacting the frequency of Ile1,016. Such a rapid increase is predicted by a simple model of positive directional selection acting on a recessive allele. Unfortunately this model also predicts rapid fixation of Ile1,016 unless there is a negative fitness associated with Ile1,016 in the absence of permethrin and if insecticidal pressure can be reduced.
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影响因子：
2.1
作者：
Deparis, X;Frere, B;Baudon, D
通讯作者：
Baudon, D
影响因子：
1.9
作者：
Brengues, C;Hawkes, NJ;Hemingway, J
通讯作者：
Hemingway, J
DOI：
10.1016/0035-9203(52)90062-x
发表时间：
1952-01-01
影响因子：
2.2
作者：
DICK, GWA;GEE, FL
通讯作者：
GEE, FL
影响因子：
1.8
作者：
Agresti, A;Coull, BA
通讯作者：
Coull, BA
DOI：
10.1098/rstb.1998.0329
发表时间：
1998-10-29
期刊：
PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDON SERIES B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
影响因子：
--
作者：
Curtis, CF;Miller, JE;Kasumba, I
通讯作者：
Kasumba, I