Oral Microbiota-Host Interaction Mediated by Taste Receptors.
Oral Microbiota-Host Interaction Mediated by Taste Receptors.
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味觉感受器介导的口腔微生物群与宿主的相互作用
DOI：
10.3389/fcimb.2022.802504
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
味觉感受器最初存在于味蕾中，作为味觉刺激的外周感受器，在食物选择中起着重要作用。队列研究发现，味觉受体T1 R1、T1 R2、T2 R38等单核苷酸多态性与龋齿等口腔疾病的易感性相关。最近的研究表明，味觉受体在各种组织中广泛表达，包括肠上皮、呼吸道和牙龈，其通过监测广泛的代谢产物参与粘膜表面和微生物之间的相互作用。一方面，具有不同口腔微生物组的个体表现出不同的味觉敏感性，表明口腔微生物组组成对味觉受体功能的潜在影响。另一方面，动物研究和体外研究发现，多种表达味觉受体的口腔细胞，如牙龈孤立化学感受细胞、牙龈上皮细胞（GECs）和牙龈成纤维细胞，可以通过苦味受体检测细菌信号，从而触发宿主先天免疫反应，从而调节口腔微生物稳态。本文就味觉感受器，特别是苦味和甜味感受器如何介导口腔微生物与宿主的相互作用以及对口腔疾病发生发展的影响进行综述。进一步研究味觉受体在介导口腔微生物群-宿主相互作用中的作用将促进我们对口腔生态稳态建立的认识，为更好地管理牙科感染性疾病提供新的范式和治疗靶点。
Taste receptors, originally identified in taste buds, function as the periphery receptors for taste stimuli and play an important role in food choice. Cohort studies have revealed that single nucleotide polymorphisms of taste receptors such as T1R1, T1R2, T2R38 are associated with susceptibility to oral diseases like dental caries. Recent studies have demonstrated the wide expression of taste receptors in various tissues, including intestinal epithelia, respiratory tract, and gingiva, with an emerging role of participating in the interaction between mucosa surface and microorganisms via monitoring a wide range of metabolites. On the one hand, individuals with different oral microbiomes exhibited varied taste sensitivity, suggesting a potential impact of the oral microbiota composition on taste receptor function. On the other hand, animal studies and in vitro studies have uncovered that a variety of oral cells expressing taste receptors such as gingival solitary chemosensory cells, gingival epithelial cells (GECs), and gingival fibroblasts can detect bacterial signals through bitter taste receptors to trigger host innate immune responses, thus regulating oral microbial homeostasis. This review focuses on how taste receptors, particularly bitter and sweet taste receptors, mediate the oral microbiota-host interaction as well as impact the occurrence and development of oral diseases. Further studies delineating the role of taste receptors in mediating oral microbiota-host interaction will advance our knowledge in oral ecological homeostasis establishment, providing a novel paradigm and treatment target for the better management of dental infectious diseases.
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