Measurements of airborne influenza virus in aerosol particles from human coughs.
Measurements of airborne influenza virus in aerosol particles from human coughs.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0015100
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发表时间：
2010-11-30
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Beezhold DH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lindsley WG;Blachere FM;Thewlis RE;Vishnu A;Davis KA;Cao G;Palmer JE;Clark KE;Fisher MA;Khakoo R;Beezhold DH
流感被认为是通过多种途径在人与人之间传播的。然而，不同流感传播途径的相对重要性尚不清楚。为了更好地了解流感通过空气传播的可能性，我们测量了咳嗽产生的含有流感病毒的气溶胶颗粒的数量和大小。受试者是从在学生健康诊所出现流感样症状的患者中招募的。从志愿者身上采集了鼻咽拭子，并要求他们对着肺活量计咳嗽三遍。每次咳嗽后，使用 NIOSH 两级生物气溶胶旋风采样器或 SKC BioSampler 收集咳嗽产生的气溶胶。使用针对基质基因 M1 的定量实时逆转录 PCR (qPCR) 分析采样器中所含流感病毒 RNA 的量。对一半受试者的鼻咽拭子和咳嗽气溶胶样本进行病毒斑块测定，以确定是否存在活病毒。 58 名受试者接受了检测，其中 47 名受试者的 qPCR 检测结果呈流感病毒阳性。在其中 38 名受试者（81%）的咳嗽中检测到流感病毒 RNA。 35% 的流感 RNA 包含在空气动力学直径 >4 µm 的颗粒中，23% 包含在 1 至 4 µm 的颗粒中，42% 包含在 <1 µm 的颗粒中。在 21 名流感患者中，有 2 名受试者的咳嗽气溶胶中检测到活流感病毒。这些结果表明，流感患者咳嗽时会释放出含有流感病毒的气溶胶颗粒，并且大部分病毒RNA包含在可呼吸大小范围内的颗粒内。研究结果支持这样的观点，即空气传播途径可能是流感传播的途径，特别是在流感患者附近。需要进一步研究空气传播的流感病毒的生存能力和传播风险。
Influenza is thought to be communicated from person to person by multiple pathways. However, the relative importance of different routes of influenza transmission is unclear. To better understand the potential for the airborne spread of influenza, we measured the amount and size of aerosol particles containing influenza virus that were produced by coughing. Subjects were recruited from patients presenting at a student health clinic with influenza-like symptoms. Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from the volunteers and they were asked to cough three times into a spirometer. After each cough, the cough-generated aerosol was collected using a NIOSH two-stage bioaerosol cyclone sampler or an SKC BioSampler. The amount of influenza viral RNA contained in the samplers was analyzed using quantitative real-time reverse-transcription PCR (qPCR) targeting the matrix gene M1. For half of the subjects, viral plaque assays were performed on the nasopharyngeal swabs and cough aerosol samples to determine if viable virus was present. Fifty-eight subjects were tested, of whom 47 were positive for influenza virus by qPCR. Influenza viral RNA was detected in coughs from 38 of these subjects (81%). Thirty-five percent of the influenza RNA was contained in particles >4 µm in aerodynamic diameter, while 23% was in particles 1 to 4 µm and 42% in particles <1 µm. Viable influenza virus was detected in the cough aerosols from 2 of 21 subjects with influenza. These results show that coughing by influenza patients emits aerosol particles containing influenza virus and that much of the viral RNA is contained within particles in the respirable size range. The results support the idea that the airborne route may be a pathway for influenza transmission, especially in the immediate vicinity of an influenza patient. Further research is needed on the viability of airborne influenza viruses and the risk of transmission.
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影响因子：
11.8
作者：
Tellier R
通讯作者：
Tellier R
影响因子：
64.8
作者：
Lloyd-Smith JO;Schreiber SJ;Kopp PE;Getz WM
通讯作者：
Getz WM
DOI：
10.1016/j.jinf.2008.08.013
发表时间：
2008-11
期刊：
The Journal of infection
影响因子：
--
作者：
Weber TP;Stilianakis NI
通讯作者：
Stilianakis NI
影响因子：
5.8
作者：
Fabian P;McDevitt JJ;Houseman EA;Milton DK
通讯作者：
Milton DK
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0408159101
发表时间：
2004-12-14
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Edwards, DA;Man, JC;Scheuch, G
通讯作者：
Scheuch, G