Semi-selective fatty acyl reductases from four heliothine moths influence the specific pheromone composition.
Semi-selective fatty acyl reductases from four heliothine moths influence the specific pheromone composition.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0037230
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Löfstedt C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hagström AK;Liénard MA;Groot AT;Hedenström E;Löfstedt C
性信息素在蛾与配偶的交流中是必不可少的。信息素生物合成基因和酶的信息是理解信息素信号特异性机制的必要条件。大多数日蛾使用以(Z) - 11 -十六烯醛为主要成分的性信息素，与少量脂肪醛和醇结合使用。在本研究中，我们以4种亲缘关系较近的Heliothis virescens、Heliothis subflexa、Helicoverpa armigera和Helicoverpa assulta为研究对象，研究了它们在信息素混合物中使用不同比例的(Z) - 11 -十六烯醛、(Z) - 9 -十四烯醛和(Z) - 9 -十六烯醛。这些成分是由饱和脂肪酸前体经去饱和、β -氧化、还原和氧化产生的。我们分析了脂肪酰基信息素前体的组成，并将其与信息素的组成进行了关联。接下来，我们研究了下游脂肪酰还原步骤是否在最终氧化步骤之前调节醇中间体的比例。通过从每个物种中分离和功能表征脂肪酰基还原酶（pgFAR），我们发现pgFARs在广泛的C8至C16脂肪酰基底物上具有活性，包括关键信息素前体Z9-14， Z9-16和Z11-16：酰基。当将三种前体以相同的比例呈现给表达四种pgFARs中的任何一种的酵母培养物时，所有还原的(Z) - 9 -十四烯酸优先于(Z) - 11 -十六烯酸，后者优先于(Z) - 9 -十六烯酸。最后，在体外控制前体比例时，我们发现pgFARs在不同底物上的生化活性存在微小差异。我们得出结论，具有广泛特异性的pgFAR参与了太阳蛾信息素的生物合成，作为一个半选择性漏斗，根据信息素腺中脂肪-酰基前体的比例产生物种特异性的酒精产物比例。本研究进一步支持了这些在信息素生物合成中的关键作用，并强调了信息素脂肪酰基前体与鳞翅目特异性pgFARs在形成信息素组成中的相互作用。
Sex pheromones are essential in moth mate communication. Information on pheromone biosynthetic genes and enzymes is needed to comprehend the mechanisms that contribute to specificity of pheromone signals. Most heliothine moths use sex pheromones with (Z)–11–hexadecenal as the major component in combination with minor fatty aldehydes and alcohols. In this study we focus on four closely related species, Heliothis virescens, Heliothis subflexa, Helicoverpa armigera and Helicoverpa assulta, which use (Z)–11–hexadecenal, (Z)–9–tetradecanal, and (Z)–9–hexadecenal in different ratios in their pheromone blend. The components are produced from saturated fatty acid precursors by desaturation, β–oxidation, reduction and oxidation. We analyzed the composition of fatty acyl pheromone precursors and correlated it to the pheromone composition. Next, we investigated whether the downstream fatty–acyl reduction step modulates the ratio of alcohol intermediates before the final oxidation step. By isolating and functionally characterizing the Fatty Acyl Reductase (pgFAR) from each species we found that the pgFARs were active on a broad set of C8 to C16 fatty acyl substrates including the key pheromone precursors, Z9–14, Z9–16 and Z11–16:acyls. When presenting the three precursors in equal ratios to yeast cultures expressing any of the four pgFARs, all reduced (Z)–9–tetradecenoate preferentially over (Z)–11–hexadecenoate, and the latter over (Z)–9–hexadecenoate. Finally, when manipulating the precursor ratios in vitro, we found that the pgFARs display small differences in the biochemical activity on various substrates. We conclude that a pgFAR with broad specificity is involved in heliothine moth pheromone biosynthesis, functioning as a semi–selective funnel that produces species–specific alcohol product ratios depending on the fatty–acyl precursor ratio in the pheromone gland. This study further supports the key role of these in pheromone biosynthesis and emphasizes the interplay between the pheromone fatty acyl precursors and the Lepidoptera specific pgFARs in shaping the pheromone composition.
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影响因子：
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