Scaffolding across the lifespan in history-dependent decision-making.
Scaffolding across the lifespan in history-dependent decision-making.
复制标题
依赖历史的决策在整个生命周期中的脚手架。
DOI：
10.1037/a0032717
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发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Maddox,WTodd
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cooper,JessicaA;Worthy,DarrellA;Gorlick,MarissaA;Maddox,WTodd
我们研究了压力和年龄相关的决策变化之间的关系，使用一个任务，当前可用的奖励取决于参与者以前的选择历史。在这个任务中，最佳反应要求参与者了解他或她当前的选择如何影响每个选择的未来奖励的变化。基于老化和认知的脚手架理论，我们预测，当额外的额叶资源可用时，补偿性招募会导致更多的监控和更多的启发式策略的使用，最终导致更好的表现。具体来说，我们预测在没有压力的情况下，支架会导致与年龄相关的表现优势。我们还预测，尽管年轻人会在压力下进行支撑，但老年人在压力环境下没有额外的资源来增加支撑，从而导致与年龄相关的表现缺陷。两种预测都得到了数据的支持。此外，计算模型用于评估每个参与者群体所采用的决策策略。正如预期的那样，无压力条件下的老年人和有压力条件下的年轻人分别比有压力条件下的老年人和无压力条件下的年轻人表现出更多的启发式策略的使用。这些结果与“在面临环境挑战时，脚手架可以在整个生命周期中发生”的概念是一致的。（PsycInfo数据库记录(c) 2020 APA，版权所有）
We examined the relationship between pressure and age-related changes in decision-making using a task for which currently available rewards depend on the participant’s previous history of choices. Optimal responding in this task requires the participant to learn how his or her current choices affect changes in the future rewards given for each option. Building on the scaffolding theory of aging and cognition, we predicted that when additional frontal resources are available, compensatory recruitment leads to increased monitoring and increased use of heuristic-based strategies, ultimately leading to better performance. Specifically, we predicted that scaffolding would result in an age-related performance advantage under no pressure conditions. We also predicted that, although younger adults would engage in scaffolding under pressure, older adults would not have additional resources available for increased scaffolding under pressure-packed conditions, leading to an age-related performance deficit. Both predictions were supported by the data. In addition, computational models were used to evaluate decision-making strategies employed by each participant group. As expected, older adults under no pressure conditions and younger adults under pressure conditions showed increased use of heuristic-based strategies relative to older adults under pressure and younger adults under no pressure, respectively. These results are consistent with the notion that scaffolding can occur across the life span in the face of an environmental challenge.(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)
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影响因子：
24.8
作者：
Park DC;Reuter-Lorenz P
通讯作者：
Reuter-Lorenz P
影响因子：
8.2
作者：
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通讯作者：
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作者：
AKAIKE, H
通讯作者：
AKAIKE, H
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Jacoby, LL
影响因子：
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作者：
Henninger, Debra E.;Madden, David J.;Huettel, Scott A.
通讯作者：
Huettel, Scott A.