Lost and Found: Piwi and Argonaute Pathways in Flatworms.
Lost and Found: Piwi and Argonaute Pathways in Flatworms.
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DOI：
10.3389/fcimb.2021.653695
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Tort JF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fontenla S;Rinaldi G;Tort JF
扁形动物是无脊椎动物的主要门之一，栖息在广泛的生态系统中，也是适应寄生生活最成功的动物门之一。小非编码 RNA 参与调节模型寄生物种的复杂发育转变。值得注意的是，寄生扁虫失去了 Piwi RNA 途径，但获得了一种新的 Argonaute 基因。在此，我们分析、对比和比较了几种自由生活物种（传统上称为“turbellarians”的并系群）和寄生物种（在单系进化枝 Neodermata 中组织）之间小 RNA 途径的保守性，以解开向寄生过渡期间可能的适应。我们的研究结果表明，所有分析的自由生活扁虫中都存在完整的 miRNA 和 RNAi 途径。值得注意的是，虽然所有“涡虫”都含有 Piwi 蛋白，但这些蛋白在寄生新皮肤动物中丢失了。此外，所有“涡虫”中都存在两组 Piwi 类 Argonaute 基因。有趣的是，我们在自由生活的扁虫中专门发现了一种不同的 Piwi 类 Argonaute，我们将其命名为“Fliwi”。此外，Piwi 通路的其他关键蛋白在“涡虫”中是保守的，而在新皮肤动物中却没有检测到。除了 Piwi 和典型的 Argonaute 蛋白之外，在分析的物种中还鉴定出了扁形虫特有的 Argonaute 类 (FL-Ago)，证实了其是所有扁形动物的祖先。值得注意的是，这个进化枝在寄生新皮肤动物中得到了扩展，但在自由生活的物种中却没有。与其他 Argonaute 蛋白相比，这些门特异性 Argonaute 表现出较低的序列保守性，这表明它们可能经历了较高的进化速率。然而，与经典 Argonautes 中的小 RNA 和 mRNA 裂解相互作用的关键残基在 FL-Agos 中比 Piwi Argonautes 中更加保守。这是否与新皮肤动物的特殊功能和对寄生的适应有关仍不清楚。总之，Argonaute 家族的基因保守性、序列和结构中检测到的差异表明扁形动物所特有的初步生物和进化多样化。自由生活扁虫和寄生扁虫之间小RNA通路的显着差异表明它们可能参与了新皮肤动物对寄生的适应。
Platyhelminthes comprise one of the major phyla of invertebrate animals, inhabiting a wide range of ecosystems, and one of the most successful in adapting to parasitic life. Small non-coding RNAs have been implicated in regulating complex developmental transitions in model parasitic species. Notably, parasitic flatworms have lost Piwi RNA pathways but gained a novel Argonaute gene. Herein, we analyzed, contrasted and compared the conservation of small RNA pathways among several free-living species (a paraphyletic group traditionally known as ‘turbellarians’) and parasitic species (organized in the monophyletic clade Neodermata) to disentangle possible adaptations during the transition to parasitism. Our findings showed that complete miRNA and RNAi pathways are present in all analyzed free-living flatworms. Remarkably, whilst all ‘turbellarians’ have Piwi proteins, these were lost in parasitic Neodermantans. Moreover, two clusters of Piwi class Argonaute genes are present in all ‘turbellarians’. Interestingly, we identified a divergent Piwi class Argonaute in free living flatworms exclusively, which we named ‘Fliwi’. In addition, other key proteins of the Piwi pathways were conserved in ‘turbellarians’, while none of them were detected in Neodermatans. Besides Piwi and the canonical Argonaute proteins, a flatworm-specific class of Argonautes (FL-Ago) was identified in the analyzed species confirming its ancestrallity to all Platyhelminthes. Remarkably, this clade was expanded in parasitic Neodermatans, but not in free-living species. These phyla-specific Argonautes showed lower sequence conservation compared to other Argonaute proteins, suggesting that they might have been subjected to high evolutionary rates. However, key residues involved in the interaction with the small RNA and mRNA cleavage in the canonical Argonautes were more conserved in the FL-Agos than in the Piwi Argonautes. Whether this is related to specialized functions and adaptations to parasitism in Neodermatans remains unclear. In conclusion, differences detected in gene conservation, sequence and structure of the Argonaute family suggest tentative biological and evolutionary diversifications that are unique to Platyhelminthes. The remarkable divergencies in the small RNA pathways between free-living and parasitic flatworms indicate that they may have been involved in the adaptation to parasitism of Neodermatans.
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影响因子：
3.4
作者：
Fontenla S;Rinaldi G;Smircich P;Tort JF
通讯作者：
Tort JF
影响因子：
10.7
作者：
Choi, Young-Jun;Fontenla, Santiago;Mitreva, Makedonka
通讯作者：
Mitreva, Makedonka
影响因子：
64.5
作者：
Elkayam E;Kuhn CD;Tocilj A;Haase AD;Greene EM;Hannon GJ;Joshua-Tor L
通讯作者：
Joshua-Tor L
DOI：
10.1007/978-1-4939-7471-9_16
发表时间：
2018
期刊：
Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)
影响因子：
--
作者：
Han H
通讯作者：
Han H
影响因子：
2.7
作者：
Alie, Alexandre;Leclere, Lucas;Manuel, Michael
通讯作者：
Manuel, Michael