Exposure of perfluorinated chemicals through lactation: levels of matched human milk and serum and a temporal trend, 1996-2004, in Sweden.
Exposure of perfluorinated chemicals through lactation: levels of matched human milk and serum and a temporal trend, 1996-2004, in Sweden.
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DOI：
10.1289/ehp.9491
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发表时间：
2007-02
影响因子：
10.4
通讯作者：
Lindström G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kärrman A;Ericson I;van Bavel B;Darnerud PO;Aune M;Glynn A;Lignell S;Lindström G
关于哺乳是儿童接触持久性全氟化学品的一个来源的数据有限。我们研究了1996年至2004年期间在瑞典母乳中全氟化学品的发生和水平与母体血清的时间趋势。从1996年至2004年，对来自瑞典12名经产妇女的匹配的个体人乳和血清样本以及复合乳汁样本（25-90名妇女/年）进行了分析。在血清样品中检测到8种PFCs，其中5种在牛奶样品中也高于检测限。在所有牛奶样本中均检测到全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS）和全氟己烷磺酸（PFHxS），平均浓度分别为0.201纳克/毫升和0.085纳克/毫升。全氟辛烷磺酰胺（PFOSA）、全氟辛酸（PFOA）和全氟壬酸（PFNA）的检出频率较低。母体血清中总PFC浓度为32 ng/mL，相应的乳汁浓度为0.34 ng/mL。牛奶中的全氟辛烷磺酸水平平均为相应血清水平的1%。血清中全氟辛烷磺酸（r2 = 0.7）和全氟硫化氢（r2 = 0.8）浓度的增加与牛奶中全氟辛烷磺酸（r2 = 0.7）浓度的增加之间存在很强的相关性。1996年至2004年期间，混合牛奶样本中的全氟辛烷磺酸和全氟硫化氢含量相对没有变化，总变异系数分别为20%和32%。在本研究中，计算出的通过哺乳转移到母乳喂养婴儿的PFCs总量约为200 ng/天。哺乳期是婴儿的一个重要接触源，因此需要进行危险评估的参考浓度。
Only limited data exist on lactation as an exposure source of persistent perfluorinated chemicals (PFCs) for children. We studied occurrence and levels of PFCs in human milk in relation to maternal serum together with the temporal trend in milk levels between 1996 and 2004 in Sweden. Matched, individual human milk and serum samples from 12 primiparous women in Sweden were analyzed together with composite milk samples (25–90 women/year) from 1996 to 2004. Eight PFCs were detected in the serum samples, and five of them were also above the detection limits in the milk samples. Perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorohexanesulfonate (PFHxS) were detected in all milk samples at mean concentrations of 0.201 ng/mL and 0.085 ng/mL, respectively. Perfluorooctanesulfonamide (PFOSA), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) were detected less frequently. The total PFC concentration in maternal serum was 32 ng/mL, and the corresponding milk concentration was 0.34 ng/mL. The PFOS milk level was on average 1% of the corresponding serum level. There was a strong association between increasing serum concentration and increasing milk concentration for PFOS (r2 = 0.7) and PFHxS (r2 = 0.8). PFOS and PFHxS levels in composite milk samples were relatively unchanged between 1996 and 2004, with a total variation of 20 and 32% coefficient of variation, respectively. The calculated total amount of PFCs transferred by lactation to a breast-fed infant in this study was approximately 200 ng/day. Lactation is a considerable source of exposure for infants, and reference concentrations for hazard assessments are needed.
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