Frequent Infection of Cats With SARS-CoV-2 Irrespective of Pre-Existing Enzootic Coronavirus Immunity, Brazil 2020.
Frequent Infection of Cats With SARS-CoV-2 Irrespective of Pre-Existing Enzootic Coronavirus Immunity, Brazil 2020.
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DOI：
10.3389/fimmu.2022.857322
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
7.3
通讯作者：
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
猫和水貂等食肉动物对SARS-CoV-2高度敏感。巴西是全球COVID-19热点地区，已记录了几例人猫传播病例。我们通过测试2020年7月至11月期间从巴西南部，东南部和东北部的七个州抽样的547只家猫来调查SARS-CoV-2的传播。此外，我们研究了地方性冠状病毒引起的免疫反应是否会影响猫的SARS-CoV-2感染。我们发现，与早期SARS-CoV-2 B.1分离株相比，2020年巴西流行的关注γ变体的中和抗体滴度显著更高（p<0.0001），验证了使用γ进行进一步测试。通过空斑减少中和试验（PRNT 90）验证，2020年底巴西猫的总体SARS-CoV-2血清阳性率为7.3%（95%CI，5.3-9.8）。巴西各州猫的SARS-CoV-2血清阳性率无显著差异，表明感染水平均匀，范围为4.6%（95%CI，2.2-8.4）至11.4%（95%CI，6.7-17.4; p=0.4438）。PRNT 90中原型猫冠状病毒猫冠状病毒（FCoV）的血清阳性率高达33.3%（95% CI，24.9-42.5），PRNT 90中牛冠状病毒（BCoV）的血清阳性率低至1.7%（95% CI，0.2-5.9）。FCoV的中和抗体滴度显著低于SARS-CoV-2（p=0.0001），这与猫最近感染SARS-CoV-2的情况一致。SARS-CoV-2抗体滴度的大小（p=0.6390）和SARS-CoV-2感染状态均不受FCoV血清状态的影响（p=0.8863）。我们的数据表明，预先存在的对地方性冠状病毒的免疫力既不能预防，也不能增强猫的SARS-CoV-2感染。在大流行的第一年，SARS-CoV-2血清阳性率已经很高，这证实了家猫的频繁感染，并引起了人们对潜在的SARS-CoV-2突变的担忧，这些突变在溢出时会逃避人类免疫力。
Carnivores such as cats and minks are highly susceptible to SARS-CoV-2. Brazil is a global COVID-19 hot spot and several cases of human-to-cat transmission have been documented. We investigated the spread of SARS-CoV-2 by testing 547 domestic cats sampled between July-November 2020 from seven states in southern, southeastern, and northeastern Brazil. Moreover, we investigated whether immune responses elicited by enzootic coronaviruses affect SARS-CoV-2 infection in cats. We found infection with significantly higher neutralizing antibody titers against the Gamma variant of concern, endemic in Brazil during 2020, than against an early SARS-CoV-2 B.1 isolate (p<0.0001), validating the use of Gamma for further testing. The overall SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in Brazilian cats during late 2020 validated by plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT90) was 7.3% (95% CI, 5.3-9.8). There was no significant difference in SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in cats between Brazilian states, suggesting homogeneous infection levels ranging from 4.6% (95% CI, 2.2-8.4) to 11.4% (95% CI, 6.7-17.4; p=0.4438). Seroprevalence of the prototypic cat coronavirus Feline coronavirus (FCoV) in a PRNT90 was high at 33.3% (95% CI, 24.9-42.5) and seroprevalence of Bovine coronavirus (BCoV) was low at 1.7% (95% CI, 0.2-5.9) in a PRNT90. Neutralizing antibody titers were significantly lower for FCoV than for SARS-CoV-2 (p=0.0001), consistent with relatively more recent infection of cats with SARS-CoV-2. Neither the magnitude of SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers (p=0.6390), nor SARS-CoV-2 infection status were affected by FCoV serostatus (p=0.8863). Our data suggest that pre-existing immunity against enzootic coronaviruses neither prevents, nor enhances SARS-CoV-2 infection in cats. High SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence already during the first year of the pandemic substantiates frequent infection of domestic cats and raises concerns on potential SARS-CoV-2 mutations escaping human immunity upon spillback.
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