Impulsivity, impulsive and reflective processes and the development of alcohol use and misuse in adolescents and young adults.
Impulsivity, impulsive and reflective processes and the development of alcohol use and misuse in adolescents and young adults.
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DOI：
10.3389/fpsyg.2010.00144
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发表时间：
2010
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Stacy AW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wiers RW;Ames SL;Hofmann W;Krank M;Stacy AW
本文对比了成瘾行为和相关风险行为预测中的双过程和个性方法。在双过程模型中，行为被描述为性质不同的“冲动”（或联想）和“反思”过程的联合结果。两种类型的过程都存在重要的个体差异，并且在特定情况下两者的相对强度受到先前行为和状态变量（例如疲劳、饮酒）的影响。从这个角度来看，可以通过与行为相关的冲动过程（例如与酒精的关联）和反思过程（包括克制动机显着行为的能力）的综合指数来预测特定行为（例如，酒精滥用）。人格研究表明，冲动等一般特征可以预测成瘾行为。在这里，我们对比这两种方法，并对四个数据集进行补充分析。我们假设特质冲动可以预测特定的危险行为，但一旦将特定的行为相关关联、执行功能指标及其相互作用纳入方程，其预测能力就会消失。在所有四项研究中，观察到的特定关联和执行控制 (EC) 之间的相互作用是稳健的：特质冲动并没有减少相互作用对饮酒的预测。特质冲动并不总是与饮酒有关，即使是这样，在一项研究中进入行为特异性关联和 EC 之间的相互作用后，预测能力消失，但在另一项研究中则不然。这些发现根据所使用的测量的有效性进行解释，从而得出更完善的假设。
This paper contrasts dual-process and personality approaches in the prediction of addictive behaviors and related risk behaviors. In dual-process models, behavior is described as the joint outcome of qualitatively different “impulsive” (or associative) and “reflective” processes. There are important individual differences regarding both types of processes, and the relative strength of both in a specific situation is influenced by prior behavior and state variables (e.g., fatigue, alcohol use). From this perspective, a specific behavior (e.g., alcohol misuse) can be predicted by the combined indices of the behavior-related impulsive processes (e.g., associations with alcohol), and reflective processes, including the ability to refrain from a motivationally salient action. Personality approaches have reported that general traits such as impulsivity predict addictive behaviors. Here we contrast these two approaches, with supplementary analyses on four datasets. We hypothesized that trait impulsivity can predict specific risky behaviors, but that its predictive power disappears once specific behavior-related associations, indicators of executive functioning, and their interaction are entered into the equation. In all four studies the observed interaction between specific associations and executive control (EC) was robust: trait impulsivity did not diminish the prediction of alcohol use by the interaction. Trait impulsivity was not always related to alcohol use, and when it was, the predictive power disappeared after entering the interaction between behavior-specific associations and EC in one study, but not in the other. These findings are interpreted in relation to the validity of the measurements used, which leads to a more refined hypothesis.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jbtep.2006.10.004
发表时间：
2007-06-01
影响因子：
1.8
作者：
De Houwer, Jan;De Bruycker, Els
通讯作者：
De Bruycker, Els
影响因子：
3.6
作者：
Crews, Fulton Timm;Boettiger, Charlotte Ann
通讯作者：
Boettiger, Charlotte Ann
DOI：
10.1097/01.alc.0000060879.61384.a4
发表时间：
2003-02-01
影响因子：
3.2
作者：
Baumeister, RF
通讯作者：
Baumeister, RF
DOI：
10.1111/j.1360-0443.2008.02434.x
发表时间：
2009-02
期刊：
Addiction (Abingdon, England)
影响因子：
--
作者：
Cyders MA;Flory K;Rainer S;Smith GT
通讯作者：
Smith GT
影响因子：
22.4
作者：
Cyders, Melissa A.;Smith, Gregory T.
通讯作者：
Smith, Gregory T.