Context and Perceptual Salience Influence the Formation of Novel Stereotypes via Cumulative Cultural Evolution.
Context and Perceptual Salience Influence the Formation of Novel Stereotypes via Cumulative Cultural Evolution.
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DOI：
10.1111/cogs.12560
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发表时间：
2018-05
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Martin D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hutchison J;Cunningham SJ;Slessor G;Urquhart J;Smith K;Martin D
我们使用了一个传输链的方法来建立如何通过累积的文化演变的背景和类别的显着性影响小说定型的形成。我们通过结合三个类别维度的特征-颜色，运动和形状-创造了新的外星人目标，从而创造了个体独特但与其他外星人共享类别成员资格的社会目标（例如，两个外星人可能是相同的颜色和形状，但移动方式不同）。在传输链的开始，每个外星人都被随机分配了描述它的属性（例如，傲慢、有爱心、自信）。参与者接受了关于外来属性分配的培训，然后测试了他们对这些的记忆。测试期间产生的外来属性分配参与者被用作传输链中下一个参与者的培训材料。随着信息的重复传输，对于具有相同颜色的目标来说，出现了一种日益简化、可学习的刻板印象式结构，这样到了链的末端，具有相同颜色的目标更有可能共享相同的属性（重新分析数据）马丁等人，2014年，我们称之为实验1。在颜色类别维度上，被试对新刻板印象的形成也存在明显的偏向（实验2）。然而，当颜色的类别维度变得不那么突出时，它不再主导新刻板印象的形成（实验3）。目前的研究结果表明，上下文和类别显着性影响类别维度显着性，从而影响信息的累积文化演变。
We use a transmission chain method to establish how context and category salience influence the formation of novel stereotypes through cumulative cultural evolution. We created novel alien targets by combining features from three category dimensions—color, movement, and shape—thereby creating social targets that were individually unique but that also shared category membership with other aliens (e.g., two aliens might be the same color and shape but move differently). At the start of the transmission chains each alien was randomly assigned attributes that described it (e.g., arrogant, caring, confident). Participants were given training on the alien‐attribute assignments and were then tested on their memory for these. The alien‐attribute assignments participants produced during test were used as the training materials for the next participant in the transmission chain. As information was repeatedly transmitted an increasingly simplified, learnable stereotype‐like structure emerged for targets who shared the same color, such that by the end of the chains targets who shared the same color were more likely to share the same attributes (a reanalysis of data from Martin et al., 2014 which we term Experiment 1). The apparent bias toward the formation of novel stereotypes around the color category dimension was also found for objects (Experiment 2). However, when the category dimension of color was made less salient, it no longer dominated the formation of novel stereotypes (Experiment 3). The current findings suggest that context and category salience influence category dimension salience, which in turn influences the cumulative cultural evolution of information.
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