Neuroinflammation in animal models of traumatic brain injury.
Neuroinflammation in animal models of traumatic brain injury.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jneumeth.2016.06.018
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发表时间：
2016-10-15
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Wang JY
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chiu CC;Liao YE;Yang LY;Wang JY;Tweedie D;Karnati HK;Greig NH;Wang JY
创伤性脑损伤（TBI）是世界范围内死亡率和发病率的主要原因。神经炎症在TBI后发生的神经元损伤的短期和长期后果中是突出的。神经炎症涉及神经胶质（包括小胶质细胞和星形胶质细胞）的活化以在脑内释放炎性介质，以及随后募集外周免疫细胞。已经开发了各种TBI的动物模型，这些模型已被证明对于阐明疾病的病理生理学以及在临床试验之前评估新疗法的安全性和有效性是有价值的。这些模型提供了一个很好的平台来描述与临床上发生的损伤类型（脑震荡、挫伤和穿透性损伤）相关的关键损伤机制，用于研究轻度、中度和重度TBI。此外，特别是在基因工程小鼠中的TBI建模已经帮助鉴定了推定损伤机制的关键分子和途径，作为开发人类TBI新疗法的靶点。这篇综述详细介绍了证据表明，神经炎症，其特征是小胶质细胞和星形胶质细胞的激活和炎症介质的产生增加，是发生在各种TBI动物模型中的关键过程，提供了广泛的概述常用的TBI动物模型，并概述了代表性的技术，以量化大脑炎症过程的标志物。更好地了解神经炎症可以为消除可能介导TBI进展的继发性细胞死亡和行为症状开辟治疗途径。
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Neuroinflammation is prominent in the short and long-term consequences of neuronal injuries that occur after TBI. Neuroinflammation involves the activation of glia, including microglia and astrocytes, to release inflammatory mediators within the brain, and the subsequent recruitment of peripheral immune cells. Various animal models of TBI have been developed that have proved valuable to elucidate the pathophysiology of the disorder and to assess the safety and efficacy of novel therapies prior to clinical trials. These models provide an excellent platform to delineate key injury mechanisms that associate with types of injury (concussion, contusion, and penetration injuries) that occur clinically for the investigation of mild, moderate, and severe forms of TBI. Additionally, TBI modeling in genetically engineered mice, in particular, has aided the identification of key molecules and pathways for putative injury mechanisms, as targets for development of novel therapies for human TBI. This Review details the evidence showing that neuroinflammation, characterized by the activation of microglia and astrocytes and elevated production of inflammatory mediators, is a critical process occurring in various TBI animal models, provides a broad overview of commonly used animal models of TBI, and overviews representative techniques to quantify markers of the brain inflammatory process. A better understanding of neuroinflammation could open therapeutic avenues for abrogation of secondary cell death and behavioral symptoms that may mediate the progression of TBI.
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影响因子：
9.3
作者：
Das M;Mohapatra S;Mohapatra SS
通讯作者：
Mohapatra SS
DOI：
10.1016/0169-328x(95)00274-v
发表时间：
1996-03-01
期刊：
MOLECULAR BRAIN RESEARCH
影响因子：
--
作者：
Fan, L;Young, PR;McIntosh, TK
通讯作者：
McIntosh, TK
影响因子：
6.1
作者：
Dougherty, KD;Dreyfus, CF;Black, IB
通讯作者：
Black, IB
影响因子：
4.2
作者：
AIHARA, N;HALL, JJ;NOBLE, LJ
通讯作者：
NOBLE, LJ
影响因子：
11.4
作者：
Bar-Or, David;Bar-Or, Raphael;Rael, Leonard T.;Brody, Edward N.
通讯作者：
Brody, Edward N.