A fresh look at road salt: aquatic toxicity and water-quality impacts on local, regional, and national scales.
A fresh look at road salt: aquatic toxicity and water-quality impacts on local, regional, and national scales.
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DOI：
10.1021/es101333u
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发表时间：
2010-10-01
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Richards, Kevin D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Corsi, Steven R.;Graczyk, David J.;Geis, Steven W.;Booth, Nathaniel L.;Richards, Kevin D.
针对冬季径流期间的重点研究工作，为道路盐的水毒性影响的严重性提供了一个新的视角。在地方、区域和国家范围内观察到了戏剧性的影响。在当地，来自威斯康星州密尔沃基地区13条溪流中的7条溪流的样本在道路盐分径流期间对Cerodaphnia dubia和Pimephales proelas的生物测试显示出毒性。1996年至2008年对密尔沃基的另一条溪流进行了采样，37个样本中有72%在慢性生物检测中显示出毒性，43%在急性生物检测中显示出毒性。最高氯离子浓度为7730 mg/L。在威斯康星州东南部的11个城市土地利用率为6.0%~100%的流域，监测到连续比电导作为氯离子替代指标。在11月至4月期间，所有站点的比电导都有所增加，并在5月至10月期间对比电导最高的站点继续产生影响。测得比电导高达30 80 0μS/cm(氯=11 2 0 0 mg/L)。在55个监测点和100%的监测点，氯离子浓度分别超过了美国环保局的急性(860毫克/L)和慢性(230毫克/L)水质标准。在全国范围内，美国地质调查局对13个北部和4个南部大都市的历史数据进行了审查。11月至4月，在北部大都市地区的168个监测点中，55%(慢性)和25%(急性)的氯离子浓度超过了美国环保局的水质标准。从5月到10月，只有16%(慢性)和1%(急性)的网站超过标准。在南部地区，很少有样本超过慢性水质标准，没有样本超过急性标准。道路盐在地方、区域和国家范围内会造成严重的水生毒性和水质影响。
A new perspective on the severity of aquatic toxicity impact of road salt was gained by a focused research effort directed at winter runoff periods. Dramatic impacts were observed on local, regional, and national scales. Locally, samples from 7 of 13 Milwaukee, Wisconsin area streams exhibited toxicity in Ceriodaphnia dubia and Pimephales promelas bioassays during road-salt runoff. Another Milwaukee stream was sampled from 1996 to 2008 with 72% of 37 samples exhibiting toxicity in chronic bioassays and 43% in acute bioassays. The maximum chloride concentration was 7730 mg/L. Regionally, in southeast Wisconsin, continuous specific conductance was monitored as a chloride surrogate in 11 watersheds with urban land use from 6.0 to 100%. Elevated specific conductance was observed between November and April at all sites, with continuing effects between May and October at sites with the highest specific conductance. Specific conductance was measured as high as 30 800 μS/cm (Cl = 11 200 mg/L). Chloride concentrations exceeded U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) acute (860 mg/L) and chronic (230 mg/L) water-quality criteria at 55 and 100% of monitored sites, respectively. Nationally, U.S. Geological Survey historical data were examined for 13 northern and 4 southern metropolitan areas. Chloride concentrations exceeded USEPA water-quality criteria at 55% (chronic) and 25% (acute) of the 168 monitoring locations in northern metropolitan areas from November to April. Only 16% (chronic) and 1% (acute) of sites exceeded criteria from May to October. At southern sites, very few samples exceeded chronic water-quality criteria, and no samples exceeded acute criteria. Road salt causes substantial aquatic toxicity and water quality impacts on local, regional, and national scales.
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1752-1688.2003.tb03701.x
发表时间：
2003-10-01
影响因子：
2.4
作者：
Wang, LH;Kanehl, P
通讯作者：
Kanehl, P
影响因子：
9.8
作者：
Novotny, Eric V.;Murphy, Dan;Stefan, Heinz G.
通讯作者：
Stefan, Heinz G.
影响因子：
3.5
作者：
Wang, LZ;Lyons, J;Kanehl, P
通讯作者：
Kanehl, P
影响因子：
4.1
作者：
Corsi, SR;Booth, NL;Hall, DW
通讯作者：
Hall, DW
影响因子：
--
作者：
Walsh, CJ;Roy, AH;Morgan, RP II
通讯作者：
Morgan, RP II