Monkeys (Macaca mulatta) learn two-choice discriminations under displaced reinforcement.
Monkeys (Macaca mulatta) learn two-choice discriminations under displaced reinforcement.
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DOI：
10.1037/com0000227
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发表时间：
2020-05-14
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Church BA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Smith JD;Jackson BN;Church BA
为了解释动物学习，研究人员援引了主导联想结构。相比之下，研究人员坦率地承认人类具有显式陈述性学习能力。在这里，我们将动物的学习表现延伸到认知的外显极点。我们在新的辨别学习范式中测试了四只猕猴（Macaca mulatta）。猴子学习了一系列二选一辨别任务。但立即增援遭到拒绝。相反，强化是滞后的——猴子只有在看到并响应 N+1 试验刺激后才收到试验 N 的反馈。理论表明，滞后强化将消除隐性歧视学习的主导形式。然而猴子仍然成功地学习了。因此，当强化被取代并且强化学习被破坏时，猴子可能有可用的替代学习算法。与人类一样，这种学习可能采取更明确的形式。这种禁用联想学习的相关方法（促进向显性认知的可能过渡）可能在比较心理学中具有实证效用和理论意义。
To explain animal learning, researchers invoke a dominant associative construct. In contrast, researchers freely acknowledge humans’ explicit-declarative learning capacity. Here, we stretched animals’ learning performance toward the explicit pole of cognition. We tested four macaques (Macaca mulatta) in new discrimination-learning paradigms. Monkeys learned a series of two-choice discrimination tasks. But immediate reinforcement was denied. Instead, reinforcement was lagged—monkeys received feedback for trial N only after seeing and responding to the N+1-trial stimulus. Theory suggests that lagged reinforcement will eliminate a dominant form of implicit discrimination learning. Yet monkeys still learned successfully. Thus, monkeys may have alternative learning algorithms useable when reinforcement is displaced and reinforcement learning undermined. This learning may, as in humans, take a more explicit form. This and related methods that disable associative learning—fostering a possible transition to explicit cognition—could have empirical utility and theoretical significance within comparative psychology.
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