Mechanism of Ti-Catalyzed Oxidative Nitrene Transfer in [2 + 2 + 1] Pyrrole Synthesis from Alkynes and Azobenzene.
Mechanism of Ti-Catalyzed Oxidative Nitrene Transfer in [2 + 2 + 1] Pyrrole Synthesis from Alkynes and Azobenzene.
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在[2 + 2 + 1]吡咯合成中从炔烃和偶氮苯中进行二催化的氧化氮转移的机理。
DOI:
10.1021/jacs.8b03546
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发表时间:
2018-06-13
影响因子:
15
通讯作者:
Tonks IA
中科院分区:
文献类型:
--
作者:
Davis-Gilbert ZW;Wen X;Goodpaster JD;Tonks IA
A combined computational and experimental study on the mechanism of Ti-catalyzed formal [2 + 2 + 1] pyrrole synthesis from alkynes and aryl diazenes is reported. This reaction proceeds through a formally TiII/TiIV redox catalytic cycle as determined by natural bond orbital (NBO) and intrinsic bond orbital (IBO) analysis. Kinetic analysis of the reaction of internal alkynes with azobenzene reveals a complex equilibrium involving Ti═NPh monomer/dimer equilibrium and Ti═NPh + alkyne [2 + 2] cycloaddition equilibrium along with azobenzene and pyridine inhibition equilibria prior to rate-determining second alkyne insertion. Computations support this kinetic analysis, provide insights into the structure of the active species in catalysis and the roles of solvent, and provide a new mechanism for regeneration of the Ti imido catalyst via disproportionation. Reductive elimination from a 6-membered azatitanacyclohexadiene species to generate pyrrole-bound TiII is surprisingly facile and occurs through a unique electrocyclic reductive elimination pathway similar to a Nazarov cyclization. The resulting TiII species are stabilized through backbonding into the π* of the pyrrole framework, although solvent effects also significantly stabilize free TiII species that are required for pyrrole loss and catalytic turnover. Further computational and kinetic analysis reveals that in complex reactions with unysmmetric alkynes the resulting pyrrole regioselectivity is driven primarily by steric effects for terminal alkynes and inductive effects for internal alkynes.
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影响因子:
15
作者:
Davis-Gilbert ZW;Yao LJ;Tonks IA
通讯作者:
Tonks IA
DOI:
10.1002/anie.201508983
发表时间:
2016-02-05
期刊:
Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)
影响因子:
--
作者:
Burés J
通讯作者:
Burés J
影响因子:
16.6
作者:
Bures, Jordi
通讯作者:
Bures, Jordi
影响因子:
1.7
作者:
Epstein, OL;Savchenko, AI;Kulinkovich, OG
通讯作者:
Kulinkovich, OG
影响因子:
1.8
作者:
BERGON, M;CALMON, JP
通讯作者:
CALMON, JP