Mechanism of Ti-Catalyzed Oxidative Nitrene Transfer in [2 + 2 + 1] Pyrrole Synthesis from Alkynes and Azobenzene.

Mechanism of Ti-Catalyzed Oxidative Nitrene Transfer in [2 + 2 + 1] Pyrrole Synthesis from Alkynes and Azobenzene.
复制标题

在[2 + 2 + 1]吡咯合成中从炔烃和偶氮苯中进行二催化的氧化氮转移的机理。

DOI:
10.1021/jacs.8b03546
复制
发表时间:
2018-06-13
影响因子:
15
通讯作者:
Tonks IA
Tonks IA
中科院分区:
化学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Davis-Gilbert ZW;Wen X;Goodpaster JD;Tonks IA

文献摘要

参考文献

被引文献

相似文献

本文对钛催化的炔和芳基二氮烯缩甲醛合成[2 + 2 + 1]吡咯的反应机理进行了计算和实验研究。通过自然键轨道(NBO)和内键轨道(IBO)分析确定,该反应通过形式上的TiII/TiIV氧化还原催化循环进行。内部炔与偶氮苯反应的动力学分析揭示了一个复杂的平衡,涉及Ti NPh单体/二聚体平衡和Ti NPh +炔[2 + 2]环加成平衡,以及在决定第二次炔插入速率之前的偶氮苯和吡啶抑制平衡,沿着。计算支持这种动力学分析,提供洞察的催化活性物种的结构和溶剂的作用,并提供了一个新的机制,通过反硝化钛亚胺催化剂的再生。从6元氮杂钛酸环己二烯物质还原消除以产生吡咯结合的TiII是令人惊讶地容易的,并且通过类似于Nazarov环化的独特电环还原消除途径发生。所得到的TiII物种通过背键结合到吡咯框架的π* 中而稳定,尽管溶剂效应也显著地稳定了吡咯损失和催化周转所需的游离TiII物种。进一步的计算和动力学分析表明,在复杂的反应与unysmometric炔所产生的吡咯区域选择性主要是由空间位阻效应的终端炔和诱导效应的内部炔。
A combined computational and experimental study on the mechanism of Ti-catalyzed formal [2 + 2 + 1] pyrrole synthesis from alkynes and aryl diazenes is reported. This reaction proceeds through a formally TiII/TiIV redox catalytic cycle as determined by natural bond orbital (NBO) and intrinsic bond orbital (IBO) analysis. Kinetic analysis of the reaction of internal alkynes with azobenzene reveals a complex equilibrium involving Ti═NPh monomer/dimer equilibrium and Ti═NPh + alkyne [2 + 2] cycloaddition equilibrium along with azobenzene and pyridine inhibition equilibria prior to rate-determining second alkyne insertion. Computations support this kinetic analysis, provide insights into the structure of the active species in catalysis and the roles of solvent, and provide a new mechanism for regeneration of the Ti imido catalyst via disproportionation. Reductive elimination from a 6-membered azatitanacyclohexadiene species to generate pyrrole-bound TiII is surprisingly facile and occurs through a unique electrocyclic reductive elimination pathway similar to a Nazarov cyclization. The resulting TiII species are stabilized through backbonding into the π* of the pyrrole framework, although solvent effects also significantly stabilize free TiII species that are required for pyrrole loss and catalytic turnover. Further computational and kinetic analysis reveals that in complex reactions with unysmmetric alkynes the resulting pyrrole regioselectivity is driven primarily by steric effects for terminal alkynes and inductive effects for internal alkynes.
DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b09939
发表时间: 2016-11-09
影响因子: 15
作者:
Davis-Gilbert ZW;Yao LJ;Tonks IA
通讯作者: Tonks IA
DOI: 10.1002/anie.201508983
发表时间: 2016-02-05
期刊: Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)
影响因子: --
作者:
Burés J
通讯作者: Burés J
DOI: 10.1002/anie.201609757
发表时间: 2016-12-23
影响因子: 16.6
作者:
Bures, Jordi
通讯作者: Bures, Jordi
DOI: 10.1016/0040-4039(81)89013-2
发表时间: 1981-01-01
影响因子: 1.8
作者:
BERGON, M;CALMON, JP
通讯作者: CALMON, JP