The immune cellular effectors of terrestrial isopod Armadillidium vulgare: meeting with their invaders, Wolbachia.
The immune cellular effectors of terrestrial isopod Armadillidium vulgare: meeting with their invaders, Wolbachia.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0018531
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发表时间：
2011-04-20
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Braquart-Varnier C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chevalier F;Herbinière-Gaboreau J;Bertaux J;Raimond M;Morel F;Bouchon D;Grève P;Braquart-Varnier C
大多数甲壳类动物的免疫反应对于水生形式都有很好的描述，而对于进化出陆生生活方式的等足类动物几乎一无所知。后者也普遍感染沃尔巴克氏体，这是一种影响宿主免疫系统的内共生细菌，可能是为了改善其传播。与昆虫模型相比，等足类犰狳的血细胞内含有沃尔巴克氏体。在普通A. vulgare中，我们表征了三种血细胞类型（TEM，流式细胞术）：透明和半颗粒血细胞是吞噬细胞，而半颗粒和颗粒血细胞进行封装。它们是在造血器官中由中央干细胞产生的，随着它们向边缘移动而成熟（TEM）。在感染个体中，活沃尔巴克氏体 (FISH) 定殖于 38% 的血细胞，但密度低且可变（平均 6.45±0.46 个沃尔巴克氏体）。到目前为止，在透明血细胞（TEM）中尚未发现它们。造血器官干细胞和分化细胞（FISH）中含有 7.6±0.7×103 个沃尔巴克氏体。虽然感染和未感染的一岁个体具有相同的血细胞密度，但在感染动物中，颗粒血细胞的比例尤其减少了三分之一（流式细胞术，Pearson 检验 = 12 822.98，df = 2，p<0.001）。等足动物免疫系统的特征属于水生甲壳类动物免疫系统的特征范围。沃尔巴克氏体对血细胞的定植似乎与造血器官无关，造血器官可能充当将沃尔巴克氏体排出到血淋巴中的储存库，这是已知的水平转移途径。沃尔巴克氏体感染不影响血细胞密度，但颗粒血细胞数量减少三分之一。这可能解释了先前在这些动物中观察到的酚氧化酶原活性降低的原因。
Most of crustacean immune responses are well described for the aquatic forms whereas almost nothing is known for the isopods that evolved a terrestrial lifestyle. The latter are also infected at a high prevalence with Wolbachia, an endosymbiotic bacterium which affects the host immune system, possibly to improve its transmission. In contrast with insect models, the isopod Armadillidium vulgare is known to harbor Wolbachia inside the haemocytes. In A. vulgare we characterized three haemocyte types (TEM, flow cytometry): the hyaline and semi-granular haemocytes were phagocytes, while semi-granular and granular haemocytes performed encapsulation. They were produced in the haematopoietic organs, from central stem cells, maturing as they moved toward the edge (TEM). In infected individuals, live Wolbachia (FISH) colonized 38% of the haemocytes but with low, variable densities (6.45±0.46 Wolbachia on average). So far they were not found in hyaline haemocytes (TEM). The haematopoietic organs contained 7.6±0.7×103 Wolbachia, both in stem cells and differentiating cells (FISH). While infected and uninfected one-year-old individuals had the same haemocyte density, in infected animals the proportion of granular haemocytes in particular decreased by one third (flow cytometry, Pearson's test = 12 822.98, df = 2, p<0.001). The characteristics of the isopod immune system fell within the range of those known from aquatic crustaceans. The colonization of the haemocytes by Wolbachia seemed to stand from the haematopoietic organs, which may act as a reservoir to discharge Wolbachia in the haemolymph, a known route for horizontal transfer. Wolbachia infection did not affect the haemocyte density, but the quantity of granular haemocytes decreased by one third. This may account for the reduced prophenoloxidase activity observed previously in these animals.
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影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Braquart-Varnier C;Lachat M;Herbinière J;Johnson M;Caubet Y;Bouchon D;Sicard M
通讯作者：
Sicard M
影响因子：
3.4
作者：
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通讯作者：
McGraw, Elizabeth A.
DOI：
10.1098/rspb.1998.0402
发表时间：
1998-06-22
影响因子：
4.7
作者：
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通讯作者：
Juchault, P
影响因子：
3.2
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DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2005.3383
发表时间：
2006-04-07
影响因子：
4.7
作者：
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通讯作者：
Hubbard, SF