Diet, Gut Microbiome and Epigenetics: Emerging Links with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases and Prospects for Management and Prevention.
Diet, Gut Microbiome and Epigenetics: Emerging Links with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases and Prospects for Management and Prevention.
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DOI：
10.3390/nu9090962
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发表时间：
2017-08-30
期刊：
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Hernandez V
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Aleksandrova K;Romero-Mosquera B;Hernandez V
炎症性肠病（IBD）由于全球范围内发病率的增加而代表了日益增长的公共卫生问题。目前关于IBD发病机制的观点是，遗传易感个体对失调的肠道微生物菌群（生态失调）产生不耐受，并且由于环境触发因素而产生慢性炎症。在与IBD相关的环境因素中，饮食在调节肠道微生物组，影响表观遗传变化方面起着重要作用，因此可以作为改善疾病进程的治疗工具。然而，目前的饮食建议，疾病预防和管理是稀缺的，有薄弱的证据。本文综述了目前对IBD中饮食、微生物组和表观遗传学之间复杂相互作用的认识。虽然过多的热量和一些常量营养素会增加肠道炎症，但一些微量营养素有可能调节它。免疫营养素已成为一个新概念，提出了维生素的重要性，如维生素A，C，E和D，叶酸，β-胡萝卜素和微量元素，如锌，硒，锰和铁。然而，当在临床试验中进行评估时，特定的微量营养素产生的益处有限。除了营养素，抗炎饮食模式作为一种复杂的干预方法近年来变得流行。因此，在小儿克罗恩病中，单纯肠内营养是目前推荐作为一线治疗的唯一营养干预措施。其他营养干预或特定饮食，包括特定碳水化合物饮食（SCD），低发酵低聚糖，二糖，单糖和多元醇（FODMAP）饮食，以及最近的地中海饮食，都显示出强烈的抗炎特性，并有望改善疾病症状。需要更多的工作来评估单个食物化合物和复杂的营养干预措施的作用，以减少炎症作为预防和管理IBD的一种手段。
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) represent a growing public health concern due to increasing incidence worldwide. The current notion on the pathogenesis of IBD is that genetically susceptible individuals develop intolerance to dysregulated gut microflora (dysbiosis) and chronic inflammation develops as a result of environmental triggers. Among the environmental factors associated with IBD, diet plays an important role in modulating the gut microbiome, influencing epigenetic changes, and, therefore, could be applied as a therapeutic tool to improve the disease course. Nevertheless, the current dietary recommendations for disease prevention and management are scarce and have weak evidence. This review summarises the current knowledge on the complex interactions between diet, microbiome and epigenetics in IBD. Whereas an overabundance of calories and some macronutrients increase gut inflammation, several micronutrients have the potential to modulate it. Immunonutrition has emerged as a new concept putting forward the importance of vitamins such as vitamins A, C, E, and D, folic acid, beta carotene and trace elements such as zinc, selenium, manganese and iron. However, when assessed in clinical trials, specific micronutrients exerted a limited benefit. Beyond nutrients, an anti-inflammatory dietary pattern as a complex intervention approach has become popular in recent years. Hence, exclusive enteral nutrition in paediatric Crohn’s disease is the only nutritional intervention currently recommended as a first-line therapy. Other nutritional interventions or specific diets including the Specific Carbohydrate Diet (SCD), the low fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyol (FODMAP) diet and, most recently, the Mediterranean diet have shown strong anti-inflammatory properties and show promise for improving disease symptoms. More work is required to evaluate the role of individual food compounds and complex nutritional interventions with the potential to decrease inflammation as a means of prevention and management of IBD.
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影响因子：
64.8
作者：
Devkota, Suzanne;Wang, Yunwei;Musch, Mark W.;Leone, Vanessa;Fehlner-Peach, Hannah;Nadimpalli, Anuradha;Antonopoulos, Dionysios A.;Jabri, Bana;Chang, Eugene B.
通讯作者：
Chang, Eugene B.
影响因子：
64.8
作者：
Arumugam, Manimozhiyan;Raes, Jeroen;Pelletier, Eric;Le Paslier, Denis;Yamada, Takuji;Mende, Daniel R.;Fernandes, Gabriel R.;Tap, Julien;Bruls, Thomas;Batto, Jean-Michel;Bertalan, Marcelo;Borruel, Natalia;Casellas, Francesc;Fernandez, Leyden;Gautier, Laurent;Hansen, Torben;Hattori, Masahira;Hayashi, Tetsuya;Kleerebezem, Michiel;Kurokawa, Ken;Leclerc, Marion;Levenez, Florence;Manichanh, Chaysavanh;Nielsen, H. Bjorn;Nielsen, Trine;Pons, Nicolas;Poulain, Julie;Qin, Junjie;Sicheritz-Ponten, Thomas;Tims, Sebastian;Torrents, David;Ugarte, Edgardo;Zoetendal, Erwin G.;Wang, Jun;Guarner, Francisco;Pedersen, Oluf;de Vos, Willem M.;Brunak, Soren;Dore, Joel;Weissenbach, Jean;Ehrlich, S. Dusko;Bork, Peer
通讯作者：
Bork, Peer
影响因子：
3.4
作者：
Arpon, A.;Riezu-Boj, J. I.;Martinez, J. A.
通讯作者：
Martinez, J. A.
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1002601107
发表时间：
2010-06-29
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Dominguez-Bello, Maria G.;Costello, Elizabeth K.;Knight, Rob
通讯作者：
Knight, Rob
影响因子：
4.3
作者：
Chiba, Mitsuro;Abe, Toru;Imai, Hideo
通讯作者：
Imai, Hideo