Age and expertise effects in aviation decision making and flight control in a flight simulator.
Age and expertise effects in aviation decision making and flight control in a flight simulator.
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DOI：
10.3357/asem.2684.2010
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发表时间：
2010-05
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Yesavage JA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kennedy Q;Taylor JL;Reade G;Yesavage JA
年龄(由于航行所需的认知能力下降)和航空专业知识水平是在恶劣天气条件下可能影响航空性能和决策的两个因素。在飞行模拟器任务中，我们考察了年龄、专业知识以及它们之间的关系对航空决策和飞行控制性能的影响。72名IFR级普通飞行员，年龄19-79岁，在仪表飞行规则天气条件下导航时，进行多次进场、保持模式进入和降落决定。在三次雾级别不同的试验中，受试者决定是否降落飞机。他们还完成了两个持有模式条目。受试者在进场和保持模式下的飞行控制被测量。当能见度不足时，年龄较大的飞行员(41岁以上)比较年轻的飞行员更有可能降落(年龄较大的飞行员的平均误警率：0.44比0.25)。他们还显示，进场组件的飞行控制精度较低，低于平均进场分数0.16SD。专业知识缓解了持有模式中与年龄相关的飞行控制下降：年长的IFR/CFI的得分低于平均分0.73 SD；年轻的IFR/CFI、年轻的CFII/ATP、年长的CFII/ATP：高于平均分的0.32、0.26、0.03 SD。此外，处理速度较快的飞行员(通过中位数分裂)的平均着陆决策错误警报率更高(0.42比0.28)，但比平均进场控制分数高0.14 SD。研究结果对老年飞行员的专门培训以及对老年人在现实世界中的决策和表现过程的理解都有一定的影响。
Age (due to declines in cognitive abilities necessary for navigation) and level of aviation expertise are two factors that may affect aviation performance and decision making under adverse weather conditions. We examined the roles of age, expertise, and their relationship on aviation decision making and flight control performance during a flight simulator task. Seventy-two IFR-rated general aviators, aged 19–79 yr, made multiple approach, holding pattern entry, and landing decisions while navigating under Instrument Flight Rules weather conditions. Over three trials in which the fog level varied, subjects decided whether or not to land the aircraft. They also completed two holding pattern entries. Subjects’ flight control during approaches and holding patterns was measured. Older pilots (41+ yr) were more likely than younger pilots to land when visibility was inadequate (older pilots’ mean false alarm rate: 0.44 vs 0.25). They also showed less precise flight control for components of the approach, performing 0.16 SD below mean approach scores. Expertise attenuated an age-related decline in flight control during holding patterns: older IFR/CFI performed 0.73 SD below mean score; younger IFR/CFI, younger CFII/ATP, older CFII/ATP: 0.32, 0.26, 0.03 SD above mean score. Additionally, pilots with faster processing speed (by median split) had a higher mean landing decision false alarm rate (0.42 vs 0.28), yet performed 0.14 SD above the mean approach control score. Results have implications regarding specialized training for older pilots and for understanding processes involved in older adults’ real world decision making and performance.
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影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Taylor, JL;O'Hara, R;Yesavage, JA
通讯作者：
Yesavage, JA
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
MORROW, D;LEIRER, V;FITZSIMMONS, C
通讯作者：
FITZSIMMONS, C
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Hoffman, L;McDowd, JM;Dubinsky, R
通讯作者：
Dubinsky, R
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
Schriver, Angela T.;Morrow, Daniel G.;Talleur, Donald A.
通讯作者：
Talleur, Donald A.
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Morrow, DG;Menard, WE;Bryant, D
通讯作者：
Bryant, D