How to protect half of Earth to ensure it protects sufficient biodiversity.
How to protect half of Earth to ensure it protects sufficient biodiversity.
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DOI：
10.1126/sciadv.aat2616
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发表时间：
2018-08
期刊：
影响因子：
13.6
通讯作者：
Li BV
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pimm SL;Jenkins CN;Li BV
仅仅保护地球上的荒野不足以保护地球上的大多数物种;重要的是质量，而不是整体规模。理论上，在相对较小的区域内保护大部分物种是可能的。对于植物来说，85%的物种完全出现在地球陆地表面的三分之一以上，经过精心优化，以最大限度地捕获物种。众所周知的脊椎动物类群显示出类似的模式。保护半个地球或许没有必要，但按照现在的保护趋势，这就足够了吗？各国政府的偏好是保护“野生”地区，即典型的偏远、寒冷或干旱地区。不幸的是，这些地区往往拥有相对较少的物种。野生地区可能为保护区的未来扩张提供更容易的机会，而向人类主导的景观扩张则是更大的挑战。我们确定目前没有保护的地区，但野生的，并考虑其中持有大量的特别是小范围的脊椎动物物种。我们评估如何成功的战略，保护地球的怀尔德的一半可能是在保护生物多样性。这远远不够。（出于生物多样性保护以外的原因，如碳封存和其他生态系统服务，保护大型野生场所可能仍然很重要。出乎意料的是，我们还表明，尽管在野外建立大型保护区的偏见，迄今为止，许多小的保护区是在生物多样性的地方。它们至少部分地保护了特别是小范围物种的重要部分。因此，虽然为了得到半个地球而专注于保护大片地区可能对生物多样性没有什么帮助，但在保护高生物多样性地区方面取得的进展比目前所认识的要多。继续优先考虑地球上正确的部分，而不仅仅是保护的总面积，这对生物多样性至关重要。
Just protecting Earth’s wilderness will not be sufficient to conserve most of its species; quality, not overall size, matters. It is theoretically possible to protect large fractions of species in relatively small regions. For plants, 85% of species occur entirely within just over a third of the Earth’s land surface, carefully optimized to maximize the species captured. Well-known vertebrate taxa show similar patterns. Protecting half of Earth might not be necessary, but would it be sufficient given the current trends of protection? The predilection of national governments is to protect areas that are “wild,” that is, typically remote, cold, or arid. Unfortunately, those areas often hold relatively few species. Wild places likely afford the easier opportunities for the future expansion of protected areas, with the expansion into human-dominated landscapes the greater challenge. We identify regions that are not currently protected, but that are wild, and consider which of them hold substantial numbers of especially small-ranged vertebrate species. We assess how successful the strategy of protecting the wilder half of Earth might be in conserving biodiversity. It is far from sufficient. (Protecting large wild places for reasons other than biodiversity protection, such as carbon sequestration and other ecosystem services, might still have importance.) Unexpectedly, we also show that, despite the bias in establishing large protected areas in wild places to date, numerous small protected areas are in biodiverse places. They at least partially protect significant fractions of especially small-ranged species. So, while a preoccupation with protecting large areas for the sake of getting half of Earth might achieve little for biodiversity, there is more progress in protecting high-biodiversity areas than currently appreciated. Continuing to prioritize the right parts of Earth, not just the total area protected, is what matters for biodiversity.
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影响因子：
3.4
作者：
Riggio, Jason;Jacobson, Andrew;Pimm, Stuart
通讯作者：
Pimm, Stuart
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Adeney, J. Marion;Christensen, Norman L., Jr.;Pimm, Stuart L.
通讯作者：
Pimm, Stuart L.
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Jenkins, Clinton N.;Alves, Maria Alice S.;Vale, Mariana M.
通讯作者：
Vale, Mariana M.
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Robinson TP;Wint GR;Conchedda G;Van Boeckel TP;Ercoli V;Palamara E;Cinardi G;D'Aietti L;Hay SI;Gilbert M
通讯作者：
Gilbert M
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1302251110
发表时间：
2013-07-09
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Jenkins, Clinton N.;Pimm, Stuart L.;Joppa, Lucas N.
通讯作者：
Joppa, Lucas N.