An in-depth analysis of a piece of shit: distribution of Schistosoma mansoni and hookworm eggs in human stool.
An in-depth analysis of a piece of shit: distribution of Schistosoma mansoni and hookworm eggs in human stool.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pntd.0001969
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发表时间：
2012
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Utzinger J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Krauth SJ;Coulibaly JT;Knopp S;Traoré M;N'Goran EK;Utzinger J
蛔虫感染的准确诊断对改善患者管理具有重要意义。然而，人类粪便中的蠕虫卵数量在标本内和标本间存在相当大的差异。均质粪便样本已被建议提高诊断的准确性，但没有详细的调查。钩虫卵的迅速分解是流行病学调查中的另一个问题。研究了粪便样品中曼氏血吸虫和钩虫卵的空间分布、均质化的影响，并测定了不同条件下粪便样品中卵数随时间的变化。从Côte科特迪瓦南部农村地区的222个人中收集了完整的粪便样本。将样品切成4块，从前到后、从中心到表面分析虫卵的位置。对部分样品进行匀浆，并比较匀浆前后的粪卵计数。随着时间的推移，我们研究了粪便储存方法对FECs的影响，比较了粪便储存在冰上、用浸水组织覆盖粪便样本、或将粪便样本保存在阴凉处。粪便样本中马氏梭菌和钩虫卵的分布没有明显的空间分布规律。均质化处理降低了曼氏梭菌的FECs (p = 0.026)，而对钩虫和其他土壤传播蠕虫没有影响。钩虫FECs随着时间的推移而下降。将粪便样本储存在冰上或用潮湿的组织覆盖可以减缓钩虫虫卵的腐烂（p<0.005）。我们的发现对个体水平的寄生虫诊断、流行病学调查、驱虫药疗效研究和控制项目监测具有重要意义。具体而言，建议将粪便样本均质化以准确检测曼氏梭菌卵，同时保持收集的粪便样本凉爽潮湿，可延迟钩虫卵的解体。寄生虫（蠕虫）感染的准确诊断对于适当的患者治疗和疾病控制计划非常重要。人类粪便样本中的蠕虫卵被用作感染强度和发病率的指标。然而，人们对粪便样本中蠕虫卵的确切分布知之甚少。均质化可以提高诊断的准确性。钩虫卵会随着时间的推移而分解，这使得它们的检测在流行病学调查中具有挑战性。我们在Côte d' ivire的222个个体的整个粪便样本中确定了蠕虫卵的位置。我们还研究了均质化是否对鸡蛋的检测有影响，并测定了在冰、湿纸巾覆盖或阴凉处保存的粪便样本中随时间的鸡蛋数量。在人类粪便样本中没有发现明显的蠕虫卵分布模式。匀浆使曼氏血吸虫血吸虫的卵数更准确，而对其他蠕虫没有影响。将粪便样本放在冰上或用湿纸巾覆盖可以减缓钩虫卵的分解。我们的研究结果对个体患者管理、流行病学调查的设计和实施以及寄生虫病控制计划具有重要意义。
An accurate diagnosis of helminth infection is important to improve patient management. However, there is considerable intra- and inter-specimen variation of helminth egg counts in human feces. Homogenization of stool samples has been suggested to improve diagnostic accuracy, but there are no detailed investigations. Rapid disintegration of hookworm eggs constitutes another problem in epidemiological surveys. We studied the spatial distribution of Schistosoma mansoni and hookworm eggs in stool samples, the effect of homogenization, and determined egg counts over time in stool samples stored under different conditions. Whole-stool samples were collected from 222 individuals in a rural part of south Côte d'Ivoire. Samples were cut into four pieces and helminth egg locations from the front to the back and from the center to the surface were analyzed. Some samples were homogenized and fecal egg counts (FECs) compared before and after homogenization. The effect of stool storing methods on FECs was investigated over time, comparing stool storage on ice, covering stool samples with a water-soaked tissue, or keeping stool samples in the shade. We found no clear spatial pattern of S. mansoni and hookworm eggs in fecal samples. Homogenization decreased S. mansoni FECs (p = 0.026), while no effect was observed for hookworm and other soil-transmitted helminths. Hookworm FECs decreased over time. Storing stool samples on ice or covered with a moist tissue slowed down hookworm egg decay (p<0.005). Our findings have important implications for helminth diagnosis at the individual patient level and for epidemiological surveys, anthelmintic drug efficacy studies and monitoring of control programs. Specifically, homogenization of fecal samples is recommended for an accurate detection of S. mansoni eggs, while keeping collected stool samples cool and moist delayed the disintegration of hookworm eggs. An accurate diagnosis of parasitic worm (helminth) infections is important for adequate patient treatment and disease control programs. Helminth eggs in human stool samples are used as an indicator of infection intensity and morbidity. However, little is known about the exact distribution of helminth eggs in stool samples. Homogenization has been suggested to improve the diagnostic accuracy. Hookworm eggs disintegrate over time, which makes their detection challenging in epidemiological surveys. We determined the location of helminth eggs in entire stool samples from 222 individuals in Côte d'Ivoire. We also investigated whether homogenization has an effect on the detection of eggs, and determined egg counts over time in stool samples stored on ice, covered with a moist tissue, or kept in the shade. No clear pattern of helminth egg distribution was found in human stool samples. Homogenization resulted in more accurate egg counts of the blood fluke Schistosoma mansoni, while it did not affect other helminths. Keeping stool samples on ice or covered with a wet tissue slows down the disintegration of hookworm eggs. Our findings have important implications for individual patient management and the design and implementation of epidemiological surveys and helminth disease control programs.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.trstmh.2006.04.008
发表时间：
2007-02-01
影响因子：
2.2
作者：
Dacombe, R. J.;Crampin, A. C.;Fine, P. E. M.
通讯作者：
Fine, P. E. M.
比较Kato-Katz，Koga琼脂板，以太浓度和FLOTAC的诊断精度，用于曼森和土壤传播的蠕虫。
影响因子：
3.8
作者：
Glinz, Dominik;Silue, Kigbafori D.;Knopp, Stefanie;Lohourignon, Laurent K.;Yao, Kouassi P.;Steinmann, Peter;Rinaldi, Laura;Cringoli, Giuseppe;N'Goran, Eliezer K.;Utzinger, Juerg
通讯作者：
Utzinger, Juerg
DOI：
10.1016/j.trstmh.2009.05.012
发表时间：
2009-12-01
影响因子：
2.2
作者：
Knopp, Stefanie;Glinz, Dominik;Utzinger, Juerg
通讯作者：
Utzinger, Juerg
影响因子：
15.8
作者：
Hotez PJ;Molyneux DH;Fenwick A;Ottesen E;Ehrlich Sachs S;Sachs JD
通讯作者：
Sachs JD
影响因子：
3.2
作者：
Speich B;Knopp S;Mohammed KA;Khamis IS;Rinaldi L;Cringoli G;Rollinson D;Utzinger J
通讯作者：
Utzinger J