A Review on Equine Influenza from a Human Influenza Perspective.

A Review on Equine Influenza from a Human Influenza Perspective.
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DOI:
10.3390/v14061312
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发表时间:
2022-06-15
期刊:
Viruses
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
--
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
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甲型流感病毒(iav)在野生鸟类中有一个主要的天然宿主。iav具有高度传染性,持续进化,宿主范围广泛,包括各种哺乳动物物种,包括马,猪和人类。因此,进一步了解宿主-病原体相互作用和跨物种传播是必不可少的。本综述的重点是关于马流感病毒(EIV)病毒学、发病机制、免疫反应、临床方面、流行病学(包括导致地方、国家和国际传播的因素)、监测和预防措施(如疫苗)的已知情况。我们比较了EIV和人类流感病毒,并讨论了它们之间的相似之处。我们强调了EIV和人类iav之间进化速率的差异,它们对抗原漂移的影响,以及疫苗株更新。我们还描述了用于控制马流感(EI)的方法,包括监测网络和病毒学分析方法,这些方法起源于人类领域使用的方法。最后,由于这两个物种的疫苗接种仍然是疾病缓解的基石,因此对马和人的流感疫苗技术和疫苗接种策略进行了比较和讨论。
Influenza A viruses (IAVs) have a main natural reservoir in wild birds. IAVs are highly contagious, continually evolve, and have a wide host range that includes various mammalian species including horses, pigs, and humans. Furthering our understanding of host-pathogen interactions and cross-species transmissions is therefore essential. This review focuses on what is known regarding equine influenza virus (EIV) virology, pathogenesis, immune responses, clinical aspects, epidemiology (including factors contributing to local, national, and international transmission), surveillance, and preventive measures such as vaccines. We compare EIV and human influenza viruses and discuss parallels that can be drawn between them. We highlight differences in evolutionary rates between EIV and human IAVs, their impact on antigenic drift, and vaccine strain updates. We also describe the approaches used for the control of equine influenza (EI), which originated from those used in the human field, including surveillance networks and virological analysis methods. Finally, as vaccination in both species remains the cornerstone of disease mitigation, vaccine technologies and vaccination strategies against influenza in horses and humans are compared and discussed.
人类动物界面上流感病毒感染的持续威胁:从一个健康的角度来看,什么是新的?
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