Notable predominant morphology of the smallest most abundant protozoa of the open ocean revealed by electron microscopy.

Notable predominant morphology of the smallest most abundant protozoa of the open ocean revealed by electron microscopy.
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电子显微镜显示的开阔海洋中最小最丰富的原生动物的显著的主要形态。

DOI:
10.1093/plankt/fbac031
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发表时间:
2022-07
影响因子:
2.1
通讯作者:
--
中科院分区:
环境科学与生态学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:

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在海洋微生物驱动的生态系统中,小型异养鞭毛虫(sHF)是主要的微生物捕食者和光合微生物必需营养物质的回收者。即使与密集的分子系统发育研究的sHF,他们的喂养成功的起源仍然模糊不清,因为他们的形态适应喂养的了解有限。在这里,我们研究了最大的,最贫营养的南太平洋和大西洋(亚)热带环流和邻近的中营养沃茨的sHF形态。在四个研究巡航,sHF细胞流式细胞仪分选浮游细菌和浮游植物的电子显微镜。分类sHF主要包括heterokont(HK)的双鞭毛和unikont choanoflagellates数字在10比1左右的比例。四个不同的形态类型的香港无所不在的开放的海洋,短金属丝异鞭毛(stHK),其金属丝鞭毛太短,传播一个完整的波,是占主导地位的,可能的候选人是地球上最丰富的捕食者。建模表明,所描述的stHK推进是有效的浮游细菌细胞在低浓度的喂养,然而,由于一般的猎物稀缺的贫营养海洋,选择性喂养是不可持续的,杂食动物是同样强制性的七个检查sHF类型,无论他们的推进模式。
In the microbe-driven ecosystems of the open ocean, the small heterotrophic flagellates (sHF) are the chief microbial predators and recyclers of essential nutrients to phototrophic microbes. Even with intensive molecular phylogenetic studies of the sHF, the origins of their feeding success remain obscure because of limited understanding of their morphological adaptations to feeding. Here, we examined the sHF morphologies in the largest, most oligotrophic South Pacific and Atlantic (sub)tropical gyres and adjacent mesotrophic waters. On four research cruises, the sHF cells were flow cytometrically sorted from bacterioplankton and phytoplankton for electron microscopy. The sorted sHF comprised chiefly heterokont (HK) biflagellates and unikont choanoflagellates numerically at around 10-to-1 ratio. Of the four differentiated morphological types of HK omnipresent in the open ocean, the short-tinsel heterokont (stHK), whose tinsel flagellum is too short to propagate a complete wave, is predominant and a likely candidate to be the most abundant predator on Earth. Modeling shows that the described stHK propulsion is effective in feeding on bacterioplankton cells at low concentrations; however, owing to general prey scarcity in the oligotrophic ocean, selective feeding is unsustainable and omnivory is equally obligatory for the seven examined sHF types irrespective of their mode of propulsion.
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