Presupposition Projection in Online Processing

Presupposition Projection in Online Processing
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在线处理中的预设投影

DOI:
10.1093/jos/ffw005
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发表时间:
2016
期刊:
J. Semant.
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Tiemann
Tiemann
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Schwarz;Florian ;Tiemann

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语言理解的一个核心方面是听者将传入的语言内容与当前句子的其余部分以及更大的话语语境整合在一起。预设与语内语境和语间语境以复杂的方式相互作用,这使得预设研究在这方面特别有用。我们提出了一系列的实验调查的时间过程中的在线理解和影响,即所谓的预设投射的前提出现在嵌入式环境中的情况下,解释预设。我们发现即时延迟眼动阅读时间时的预设Germanwieder(“再次”)是不支持的上下文,但只为未嵌入的发生wieder。进一步的证据,从评级实验和停止制造意义的研究支持我们的解释,这一结果的效果,嵌入式预设触发的全球预设是不能立即在处理。第二个阅读时间实验进一步探讨了嵌入的效果,在不同的位置提供预设支持的背景下,一个更复杂的结构,包括条件句。我们发现,当支持者距离较远时,我们的阅读时间更长,这是根据话语表征理论(DRT)提出的投射步骤来衡量的。总而言之,结果表明,预设投射是一个认知努力的过程,因此与理论帐户,反映了这方面的复杂性,在不同类型的情况下,所涉及的表征,而其他帐户在这方面更中立,需要补充额外的假设或替代解释所观察到的效果。在更一般的话语加工模型的水平上,这些结果表明,有更多的结构相关的认知过程之间的表面表示和纯粹的语义水平(例如,通常假设的文本基础的水平)比以前假设的。
A central aspect of language comprehension is that hearers integrate incoming linguistic content both with the rest of the current sentence and the larger discourse context. Presuppositions crucially interact with both intra- and inter-sentential context in intricate ways, which makes their study especially useful in this regard. We present a series of experiments investigating the time-course of interpreting presuppositions in online comprehension and the impact that so-called presupposition projection has on this in cases where presuppositions appear in embedded environments. We find immediate delays in eye tracking reading times when the presupposition of Germanwieder(‘again’) is not supported by the context, but only for unembedded occurrences ofwieder. Further evidence from a rating experiment and a stops-making-sense study supports our interpretation of this result to the effect that global presuppositions of embedded presupposition triggers are not immediately available in processing. A second reading time experiment explores the effects of embedding further by providing presuppositional support in different locations in contexts with a more complex structure involving conditionals. We find longer reading times when the support is more distant, measured in terms of the number of projection steps posited by Discourse Representation Theory (DRT). Altogether, the results suggest that presupposition projection is a cognitively effortful process, and are thus consistent with theoretical accounts that reflect this in terms of the complexity of the representations involved in the different types of contexts, while other accounts that are more neutral in this regard need to be supplemented by additional assumptions or alternative explanations for the observed effects. On the more general level of discourse processing models, these results suggest that there is even more structure relevant to cognitive processes at a level between the surface representation and the purely semantic level (e.g. the commonly assumed level of a text-base) than previously assumed.
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影响因子: 1.1
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