The Biological Activities of Vitamin D and Its Receptor in Relation to Calcium and Bone Homeostasis, Cancer, Immune and Cardiovascular Systems, Skin Biology, and Oral Health.

The Biological Activities of Vitamin D and Its Receptor in Relation to Calcium and Bone Homeostasis, Cancer, Immune and Cardiovascular Systems, Skin Biology, and Oral Health.
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DOI:
10.1155/2018/9276380
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发表时间:
2018
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Feller L
Feller L
中科院分区:
生物学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Khammissa RAG;Fourie J;Motswaledi MH;Ballyram R;Lemmer J;Feller L

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维生素D在钙稳态和骨代谢中起重要作用,具有调节天然和获得性免疫功能、心血管功能以及正常和恶性角质形成细胞的增殖和分化的能力。维生素D的生物活性形式1,25(OH)2D通过几乎普遍分布的核维生素D受体(VDR)发挥其大部分功能。在1,25(OH)2D的刺激下,VDR与维甲酸X受体(RXR)形成异源二聚体。反过来,VDR/RXR与靶基因中被称为维生素D反应元件的DNA序列结合,调节基因转录。为了发挥其生物学效应,VDR信号与其他细胞内信号通路相互作用。在某些情况下,1,25(OH)2D在不调节基因表达或蛋白质合成的情况下发挥其生物学效应。虽然维生素D在许多生物过程中的调节作用已经得到了很好的证明,但没有足够的证据支持维生素D补充剂在预防或治疗感染性、免疫性炎症或增生性疾病方面的治疗性使用。在这篇综述中,我们强调了1,25(OH)2D对骨骼和钙稳态的影响,以及对癌症的影响,并提到了它对心血管和免疫系统的影响。
Vitamin D plays an important role in calcium homeostasis and bone metabolism, with the capacity to modulate innate and adaptive immune function, cardiovascular function, and proliferation and differentiation of both normal and malignant keratinocytes. 1,25(OH)2D, the biologically active form of vitamin D, exerts most of its functions through the almost universally distributed nuclear vitamin D receptor (VDR). Upon stimulation by 1,25(OH)2D, VDR forms a heterodimer with the retinoid X receptor (RXR). In turn, VDR/RXR binds to DNA sequences termed vitamin D response elements in target genes, regulating gene transcription. In order to exert its biological effects, VDR signalling interacts with other intracellular signalling pathways. In some cases 1,25(OH)2D exerts its biological effects without regulating either gene expression or protein synthesis. Although the regulatory role of vitamin D in many biological processes is well documented, there is not enough evidence to support the therapeutic use of vitamin D supplementation in the prevention or treatment of infectious, immunoinflammatory, or hyperproliferative disorders. In this review we highlight the effects of 1,25(OH)2D on bone and calcium homeostasis, on cancer, and refer to its effects on the cardiovascular and immune systems.
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