Is male gynaecomastia associated with an increased risk of death? A nationwide register-based cohort study.
Is male gynaecomastia associated with an increased risk of death? A nationwide register-based cohort study.
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雄性妇科是否与死亡风险增加有关？一项基于全国登记册的同类研究。
DOI：
10.1136/bmjopen-2023-076608
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发表时间：
2024-01-16
期刊：
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Juul, Anders
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Brauner, Elvira, V;Uldbjerg, Cecilie;Lim, Youn-Hee;Beck, Astrid;Hueg, Trine;Juul, Anders
最近的证据支持，女性乳房发育症可以预测长期发病率，但缺乏关于男性女性乳房发育症与死亡和死亡原因的关系的证据。这项工作的目的是估计诊断为女性乳房发育症的男性的死亡风险，并评估这是否取决于女性乳房发育症的潜在病因。一项全国性的基于登记的队列研究。丹麦全国卫生登记。1995年1月1日至2021年6月30日期间诊断为偶发性妇科乳房发育症的男性（n=23 429），每名男性的年龄和日历与5名随机人群中无妇科乳房发育症的男性（n=117 145）相匹配。不适用。在没有（特发性）男性和已知存在危险因素的男性之间区分了女性乳房发育。Cox回归模型和Kaplan-Meier分析估计了女性乳房发育与死亡之间的关联（所有原因/特定原因）。我们共确定了16253例男性特发性女性乳房发育症和7176例女性乳房发育症和已知的预先存在的危险因素。其中1093例（6.7%）和1501例（20.9%）在随访期间死亡。我们发现，在整个队列中，男性女性乳房发育症的全因死亡风险增加了37% （HR 1.37; 95% CI 1.31至1.43）。与特发性女性乳房发育症男性相比，诊断为女性乳房发育症且已知存在危险因素的男性死亡风险最高（HR 1.75; 95% CI 1.64至1.86）（HR 1.05; 95% CI 0.98至1.13）。死亡增加的具体原因是恶性肿瘤、循环系统疾病、肺部疾病和胃肠道疾病。在后者中，检测到肝病死亡风险超过5倍（HR 5.05; 95% CI 3.97至6.42）。诊断为女性乳房发育症的男性死亡风险较高，主要见于已知存在女性乳房发育症危险因素的男性。这些发现有望激发医疗保健提供者更多的意识，以潜在地应用干预措施，帮助减轻患有这种疾病的男性的潜在危险因素。
Recent evidence supports that gynaecomastia may predict long-term morbidity, but evidence on the association with death and causes of death in males with gynaecomastia is lacking. The objective of this work is to estimate the risk of death in men diagnosed with gynaecomastia and evaluate whether this was conditional on underlying aetiologies of gynaecomastia. A nationwide register-based cohort study. Nationwide Danish national health registries. Males were diagnosed with incident gynaecomastia (n=23 429) from 1 January 1995 to 30 June 2021, and each was age and calendar matched to five randomly population-based males without gynaecomastia (n=117 145). Not applicable. Gynaecomastia was distinguished between males without (idiopathic) and males with a known pre-existing risk factor. Cox regression models and Kaplan-Meier analyses estimated associations between gynaecomastia and death (all cause/cause specific). We identified a total of 16 253 males with idiopathic gynaecomastia and 7176 with gynaecomastia and a known pre-existing risk factor. Of these, 1093 (6.7%) and 1501 (20.9%) died during follow-up, respectively. We detected a 37% increased risk of all-cause death in males with gynaecomastia in the entire cohort (HR 1.37; 95% CI 1.31 to 1.43). Death risk was highest in males diagnosed with gynaecomastia and a known pre-existing risk factor (HR 1.75; 95% CI 1.64 to 1.86) compared with males with idiopathic gynaecomastia (HR 1.05; 95% CI 0.98 to 1.13). Specific causes of increased death were malignant neoplasms and circulatory, pulmonary and gastrointestinal diseases. Of the latter, an over fivefold risk of death from liver disease was detected (HR 5.05; 95% CI 3.97 to 6.42). Males diagnosed with gynaecomastia are at higher risk of death, observed mainly in males with a known pre-existing risk factor of gynaecomastia. These findings will hopefully stimulate more awareness among healthcare providers to potentially apply interventions that aid in alleviating underlying risk factors in males with this condition.
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影响因子：
--
作者：
Cuhaci N;Polat SB;Evranos B;Ersoy R;Cakir B
通讯作者：
Cakir B
影响因子：
2.8
作者：
Robeva, Ralitsa;Elenkova, Atanaska;Zacharieva, Sabina
通讯作者：
Zacharieva, Sabina
影响因子：
5.8
作者：
Dekkers, Olaf M.;Groenwold, Rolf H. H.
通讯作者：
Groenwold, Rolf H. H.
影响因子：
5
作者：
Karim, Mohammad Ehsanul;Gustafson, Paul;Tremlett, Helen
通讯作者：
Tremlett, Helen
影响因子：
3.9
作者：
Schmidt M;Schmidt SA;Sandegaard JL;Ehrenstein V;Pedersen L;Sørensen HT
通讯作者：
Sørensen HT