Improvement of Olfactory Function With High Frequency Non-invasive Auricular Electrostimulation in Healthy Humans.
Improvement of Olfactory Function With High Frequency Non-invasive Auricular Electrostimulation in Healthy Humans.
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DOI：
10.3389/fnins.2018.00225
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Cakmak YO
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Maharjan A;Wang E;Peng M;Cakmak YO
在过去关于动物模型的文献中，使用高频率的侵入性迷走神经刺激已经显示出在调节嗅球（OB）的活动方面是有效的。尽管之前在动物模型中有发现，但人类侵入性迷走神经刺激的最新进展使用低频刺激，并没有发现对嗅觉功能的影响。本文旨在测试非侵入性，高和低频率迷走神经刺激在人类的潜在影响，补充探索眶额皮质使用近红外光谱（NIRS）。健康的男性成年参与者（n = 18）在接受高、低频迷走神经刺激和安慰剂（无刺激）之前和之后进行了两项嗅觉测试[气味阈值测试（OTT）和阈上测试（STT）]。参与者的嗅觉功能使用近红外光谱仪监测，并评估两个行为嗅觉测试。使用不同阶段的重复测量ANOVA对单独刺激参数的NIRS数据进行统计学分析。使用配对参数和非参数统计检验分析嗅觉测试的数据。只有高频、非侵入性迷走神经刺激能够积极调节健康参与者在STT中的表现（p = 0.021，Wilcoxon符号等级检验），右半球眶额皮质的NIRS（p = 0.014，事后Bonferroni校正）记录存在显著差异。目前文章的结果恳求进一步探索迷走神经刺激下涉及的神经回路以及非侵入性、高频率迷走神经刺激对帕金森病和阿尔茨海默病中表现出的嗅觉功能障碍的影响。尽管目前的研究有足够的效应量（中度效应，STT的相关系数（r）为0.39），但未来的研究应该用更大的队列复制目前的发现。
In past literature on animal models, invasive vagal nerve stimulation using high frequencies has shown to be effective at modulating the activity of the olfactory bulb (OB). Recent advances in invasive vagal nerve stimulation in humans, despite previous findings in animal models, used low frequency stimulation and found no effect on the olfactory functioning. The present article aimed to test potential effects of non-invasive, high and low frequency vagal nerve stimulation in humans, with supplementary exploration of the orbitofrontal cortex using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Healthy, male adult participants (n = 18) performed two olfactory tests [odor threshold test (OTT) and supra-threshold test (STT)] before and after receiving high-, low frequency vagal nerve stimulation and placebo (no stimulation). Participant's olfactory functioning was monitored using NIRS, and assessed with two behavioral olfactory tests. NIRS data of separate stimulation parameters were statistically analyzed using repeated-measures ANOVA across different stages. Data from olfactory tests were analyzed using paired parametric and non-parametric statistical tests. Only high frequency, non-invasive vagal nerve stimulation was able to positively modulate the performance of the healthy participants in the STT (p = 0.021, Wilcoxon sign-ranked test), with significant differences in NIRS (p = 0.014, post-hoc with Bonferroni correction) recordings of the right hemispheric, orbitofrontal cortex. The results from the current article implore further exploration of the neurocircuitry involved under vagal nerve stimulation and the effects of non-invasive, high frequency, vagal nerve stimulation toward olfactory dysfunction which showcase in Parkinson's and Alzheimer's Diseases. Despite the sufficient effect size (moderate effect, correlation coefficient (r): 0.39 for the STT) of the current study, future research should replicate the current findings with a larger cohort.
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作者：
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通讯作者：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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DOI：
10.1176/appi.neuropsych.14.2.197
发表时间：
2002-03-01
影响因子：
2.9
作者：
Duff, K;McCaffrey, RJ;Solomon, GS
通讯作者：
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