Native language inhibition predicts more successful second language learning: Evidence of two ERP pathways during learning
Native language inhibition predicts more successful second language learning: Evidence of two ERP pathways during learning
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母语抑制预示着第二语言学习会更成功：学习过程中两种 ERP 路径的证据
DOI：
10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2020.107732
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Pulido, Manuel F.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pulido, Manuel F.
成年人是如何成功地学习第二语言的，这是认知神经科学中一个尚未解决的问题。在大脑层面，成年人在完成不同类型的训练后，对第二语言输入的电生理反应可能会有所不同。然而，人们对学习过程中哪些神经通路被激活以及哪些激活模式导致成功学习的理解有限。本研究采用脑事件相关电位技术，探讨了二语学习过程中个体对练习难度的脑反应是否能预测学习效果。西班牙语的英语学习者练习用他们的第二语言完成新学到的短语。对于一些学习者来说，在练习中出现的所有选择都是“容易的”，因为非目标选择是无关的干扰因素。然而，在更“困难”的练习模式中，学习者必须避免选择一个根据他们的母语可以接受的竞争词，但在所学习的第二语言中却不能接受。两组学习者在实践中的表现相似。至关重要的是，事件相关电位的差异表明，根据难度水平，可以选择其他练习策略。在小组层面上，完成简单练习的学习者在做出反应时表现出更多的监控;在困难条件下，学习者表现出对母语的抑制（即，N400用于与母语一致的短语），以避免在单词选择期间的干扰。在测试中，个体的大脑反应反映了母语抑制的程度，预测了学习率。
How some individuals succeed in learning a second language as adults is still an unsolved question in cognitive neuroscience. At the brain level, adults' electrophysiological responses to input in a second language may differ after completing different types of training. However, there is limited understanding of what neural pathways are activated as learning unfolds, and which patterns of activation lead to successful learning. Using brain event-related potentials, this study explored whether individual brain responses to practice difficulty during second language learning predict learning outcomes. English-speaking learners of Spanish practiced completing newly learned phrases in their second language. For some learners, all the choices presented during practice were “easy” because non-target choices were unrelated distractors. In the more “difficult” practice mode, however, learners had to avoid choosing a competing word that would be acceptable based on their native language, but not in the second language being learned. Performance during practice was similar in both groups of learners. Critically, divergence in event-related potentials indicated alternative strategies to practice, based on the level of difficulty. At the group level, learners completing the easier practice revealed increased monitoring when making responses; in the difficult condition, learners showed inhibition of their native language (i.e., an N400 for phrases congruent with the native language) to avoid interference during word selection. Individual brain responses indexing the degree of native language inhibition predicted learning rates in tests.
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影响因子：
24.8
作者：
Kutas M;Federmeier KD
通讯作者：
Federmeier KD
双语演讲中的语言选择：抑制过程的证据
影响因子：
1.8
作者：
Kroll, Judith F.;Bobb, Susan C.;Guo, Taomei
通讯作者：
Guo, Taomei
DOI：
10.1037/0278-7393.20.5.1063
发表时间：
1994-09-01
影响因子：
2.6
作者：
ANDERSON, MC;BJORK, RA;BJORK, EL
通讯作者：
BJORK, EL
DOI：
10.1037/a0036756
发表时间：
2014-09-01
影响因子：
2.6
作者：
Foucart, Alice;Martin, Clara D.;Costa, Albert
通讯作者：
Costa, Albert
影响因子：
5.4
作者：
M. Botvinick;T. Braver;D. Barch;C. Carter;J. Cohen
通讯作者：
M. Botvinick;T. Braver;D. Barch;C. Carter;J. Cohen