Developmental trajectories during adolescence in males and females: a cross-species understanding of underlying brain changes.

Developmental trajectories during adolescence in males and females: a cross-species understanding of underlying brain changes.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.neubiorev.2011.04.013
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发表时间:
2011-08
影响因子:
8.2
通讯作者:
Andersen, Susan L.
Andersen, Susan L.
中科院分区:
医学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Brenhouse, Heather C.;Andersen, Susan L.

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青春期是从童年到成年的过渡期,其中包括大脑系统内的巨大变化,这些变化与部分(但不是全部)行为变化相似。情绪反应性和奖赏处理的上升在发病和缓解方面呈倒U形,高峰出现在青春期。然而,认知过程遵循一个更线性的发展过程。这篇综述将重点放在关键结构的变化上,并将突出大脑变化和行为之间的关系,证据涵盖从人类的功能磁共振成像(FMRI)到动物的受体和信号因子的分子研究。青春期神经元底物的变化将被用来理解典型和非典型行为是如何在青春期出现的。我们利用临床和临床前研究提供一个神经框架来定义青春期及其在向成年期转变过程中的作用。
Adolescence is a transitional period between childhood and adulthood that encompasses vast changes within brain systems that parallel some, but not all, behavioral changes. Elevations in emotional reactivity and reward processing follow an inverted U shape in terms of onset and remission, with the peak occurring during adolescence. However, cognitive processing follows a more linear course of development. This review will focus on changes within key structures and will highlight the relationships between brain changes and behavior, with evidence spanning from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in humans to molecular studies of receptor and signaling factors in animals. Adolescent changes in neuronal substrates will be used to understand how typical and atypical behaviors arise during adolescence. We draw upon clinical and preclinical studies to provide a neural framework for defining adolescence and its role in the transition to adulthood.
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