Resistance of Biomphalaria glabrata 13-16-R1 snails to Schistosoma mansoni PR1 is a function of haemocyte abundance and constitutive levels of specific transcripts in haemocytes.
Resistance of Biomphalaria glabrata 13-16-R1 snails to Schistosoma mansoni PR1 is a function of haemocyte abundance and constitutive levels of specific transcripts in haemocytes.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ijpara.2013.11.004
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发表时间：
2014-05
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Bayne CJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Larson MK;Bender RC;Bayne CJ
人类肠道血吸虫病的持续传播取决于寄生虫对易感蜗牛中间宿主（通常是光滑双脐螺）的接触。当寄生虫幼虫进入野生蜗牛种群的抗性个体时，传播失败。蜗牛易感性/抗性差异的遗传基础正在被深入研究，作为一种手段，设计新的控制策略的基础上的抗性基因。蜗牛的防御细胞（血细胞）产生的活性氧是抵抗的效应物。我们假设，相关的基因的生产和消耗的活性氧物种将差异表达在血细胞的蜗牛主机具有不同的易感性/耐药表型。通过限制蜗牛的遗传多样性，我们试图促进抗性基因的鉴定。通过近交，我们从13-16-R_1蜗牛群体中获得了52个B品系。glabrata（预期纯合性~87.5%），并确定了每种的表型对曼氏血吸虫的易感性/抗性。近交系被发现有线特定的差异，传播血细胞的数量，这些列举在少年和成年蜗牛。细胞数高的株系对S. mansoni，而细胞数较低的品系可能是抗性或感病的。血细胞中的转录水平被定量为18个潜在的防御相关基因。在低细胞数的蜗牛中，不同的易感性/耐药表型与两个氧化还原相关基因的转录水平差异相关：推断的吞噬细胞氧化酶成分和过氧化物酶。同种异体移植物炎症因子（可能是白细胞活化的调节因子）在抗性蜗牛中表达水平较高，而与扩散细胞数无关。有丰富的血细胞传播推断，使蜗牛杀死寄生虫孢子囊。相比之下，蜗牛与较少的传播血细胞似乎只有在特定的基因表达组成的水平是高的物种实现电阻。
Continuing transmission of human intestinal schistosomiasis depends on the parasite’s access to susceptible snail intermediate hosts (often Biomphalaria glabrata). Transmission fails when parasite larvae enter resistant individuals in wild snail populations. The genetic basis for differences in snail susceptibility/resistance is being intensively investigated as a means to devise novel control strategies based on resistance genes. Reactive oxygen species produced by the snail’s defence cells (haemocytes) are effectors of resistance. We hypothesised that genes relevant to production and consumption of reactive oxygen species would be expressed differentially in the haemocytes of snail hosts with different susceptibility/resistance phenotypes. By restricting the genetic diversity of snails, we sought to facilitate identification of resistance genes. By inbreeding, we procured from a 13–16-R1 snail population with both susceptible and resistant individuals 52 lines of B. glabrata (expected homozygosity ~87.5%), and determined the phenotype of each in regard to susceptibility/resistance to Schistosoma mansoni. The inbred lines were found to have line-specific differences in numbers of spreading haemocytes; these were enumerated in both juvenile and adult snails. Lines with high cell numbers were invariably resistant to S. mansoni, whereas lines with lower cell numbers could be resistant or susceptible. Transcript levels in haemocytes were quantified for 18 potentially defence-related genes. Among snails with low cell numbers, the different susceptibility/resistance phenotypes correlated with differences in transcript levels for two redox-relevant genes: an inferred phagocyte oxidase component and a peroxiredoxin. Allograft inflammatory factor (potentially a regulator of leucocyte activation) was expressed at higher levels in resistant snails regardless of spread cell number. Having abundant spreading haemocytes is inferred to enable a snail to kill parasite sporocysts. In contrast, snails with fewer spreading haemocytes seem to achieve resistance only if specific genes are expressed constitutively at levels that are high for the species.
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影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Lockyer AE;Emery AM;Kane RA;Walker AJ;Mayer CD;Mitta G;Coustau C;Adema CM;Hanelt B;Rollinson D;Noble LR;Jones CS
通讯作者：
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
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影响因子：
2.4
作者：
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通讯作者：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
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