Characterization of E-cigarette coil temperature and toxic metal analysis by infrared temperature sensing and scanning electron microscopy - energy-dispersive X-ray.
Characterization of E-cigarette coil temperature and toxic metal analysis by infrared temperature sensing and scanning electron microscopy - energy-dispersive X-ray.
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通过红外温度传感和扫描电子显微镜 - 能量分散X射线来表征电子烟线圈温度和有毒金属分析。
DOI：
10.1080/08958378.2020.1840678
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发表时间：
2020-11
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Peace MR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mulder HA;Stewart JB;Blue IP;Krakowiak RI;Patterson JL;Karin KN;Royals JM;DuPont AC;Forsythe KE;Poklis JL;Poklis A;Butler SN;Turner JBM;Peace MR
电子烟（e-cigarettes）自进入美国市场以来发展迅速。可修复的雾化器（RBA）提供了用户驱动的修改加热元件（线圈）和芯吸系统。可根据用户需求和偏好选择不同的线圈材料。然而，电子烟的加热元件被认为是有毒金属暴露的一个来源。来自Kanthal和镍铬合金线的电子烟线圈以接触和非接触配置构造，并在四个电压下加热。当干燥并用100%植物甘油或100%丙二醇饱和时，通过红外温度传感测量线圈的最高温度。每个线圈的金属成分进行了分析，扫描电子显微镜能量色散X射线（SEM-EDX）时，新的，并随后在1，50和150热循环后，当干燥。线圈在干燥时达到高于1000 °C的温度，但在两种液体饱和介质中均低于300 °C。金属分析表明，在150次热循环后，Kanthal线中的铬减少了9-19%，铁减少了39-58%，镍铬合金线中的铁减少了12-14%，镍减少了39-43%。线圈合金和配置在一次热循环后观察到显著的金属损失。来自这些热循环的金属损失进一步表明来自线圈的金属可能进入电子烟的气溶胶，其可以被用户吸入。
Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) have rapidly evolved since their introduction to the U.S. market. The rebuildable atomizer (RBA) offers user-driven modification to the heating element (coil) and wicking systems. Different coil materials can be chosen, based on user needs and preferences. However, the heating element of an e-cigarette is believed to be one-source for toxic metal exposure. E-cigarette coils from Kanthal and nichrome wires were constructed in a contact and non-contact configuration and heated at four voltages. The maximum temperatures of the coils were measured by infrared temperature sensing when dry and saturated with 100% vegetable glycerin or 100% propylene glycol. The metal composition of each coil was analyzed with Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-Ray (SEM-EDX) when new, and subsequently after 1, 50, and 150 heat cycles when dry. The coils reached temperatures above 1000 °C when dry, but were below 300 °C in both liquid-saturated mediums. Metal analysis showed a decrease of 9–19% chromium and 39–58% iron in Kanthal wire and a decrease of 12–14% iron and 39–43% nickel in nichrome wire after 150 heat cycles. Significant metal loss was observed after one heat cycle for both coil alloys and configurations. The loss of metals from these heat cycles further suggests that the metals from the coils are potentially entering the aerosol of the e-cigarette, which can be inhaled by the user.
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影响因子：
8.3
作者：
Hess, Catherine Ann;Olmedo, Pablo;Navas-Acien, Ana;Goessler, Walter;Cohen, Joanna E.;Rule, Ana Maria
通讯作者：
Rule, Ana Maria
DOI：
10.3390/nano7100307
发表时间：
2017-10-06
期刊：
Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland)
影响因子：
--
作者：
Kornberg TG;Stueckle TA;Antonini JA;Rojanasakul Y;Castranova V;Yang Y;Wang L
通讯作者：
Wang L
影响因子：
4.6
作者：
Mulder, Haley A.;Patterson, Jesse L.;Peace, Michelle R.
通讯作者：
Peace, Michelle R.
影响因子：
2.1
作者：
Zervas, Efthimios;Matsouki, Niki;Katsaounou, Paraskevi
通讯作者：
Katsaounou, Paraskevi
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
Halstead M;Gray N;Gonzalez-Jimenez N;Fresquez M;Valentin-Blasini L;Watson C;Pappas RS
通讯作者：
Pappas RS