Interconnected cavernous structure of bacterial fruiting bodies.
Interconnected cavernous structure of bacterial fruiting bodies.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002850
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发表时间：
2012
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Alber M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Harvey CW;Du H;Xu Z;Kaiser D;Aranson I;Alber M
粘细菌形成充满孢子的子实体是细菌多细胞自组织的一个迷人的例子。黄色粘球菌子实体的组织长期以来一直被研究，不仅是细菌集体运动的重要例子，而且是发育形态发生的简化模型。初生子实体内的孢子形成需要移动细胞之间的信号传递，以便杆状自推进细胞在适当的时间分化成孢子。由于不同成像方法的限制，探索粘细菌子实体的三维结构以前提出了一个挑战。一种使用红外光学相干断层扫描（OCT）的新技术揭示了M.由相对高和低孢子密度区域的互连口袋组成的xanthus子实体。为了理解实验观察到的结构，建模和计算机模拟被用来测试一种假设的机制，这种机制可以产生高密度的孢子袋。该机制包括自我推进的细胞相互对齐，并通过端对端接触发出信号，以协调分化过程，从而在实验中观察到簇的模式。新的OCT实验技术与计算机模拟的集成可以提供新的见解的机制，可以引起在其他生物系统中看到的模式形成，如网柱虫，社会阿米巴已知形成多细胞聚集体，在饥饿条件下观察到的蛞蝓。了解细菌自组织是一个活跃的研究领域，在微生物学和发育生物学中具有广泛的意义。黄色粘球菌在饥饿条件下发生多细胞聚集和分化，被广泛用作研究细菌自组织的模式生物。在本文中，我们提出了一种创新的非侵入性实验技术的发现，揭示了早期研究中没有看到的子实体的异质结构。这些观察到的模式的生物机制的洞察是通过整合实验与生物相关的计算模拟。模拟结果表明，一个新的机制，需要细胞排列，信号和空间相互作用可以解释口袋的孢子团实验观察到的子实体中的M。xanthus
The formation of spore-filled fruiting bodies by myxobacteria is a fascinating case of multicellular self-organization by bacteria. The organization of Myxococcus xanthus into fruiting bodies has long been studied not only as an important example of collective motion of bacteria, but also as a simplified model for developmental morphogenesis. Sporulation within the nascent fruiting body requires signaling between moving cells in order that the rod-shaped self-propelled cells differentiate into spores at the appropriate time. Probing the three-dimensional structure of myxobacteria fruiting bodies has previously presented a challenge due to limitations of different imaging methods. A new technique using Infrared Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) revealed previously unknown details of the internal structure of M. xanthus fruiting bodies consisting of interconnected pockets of relative high and low spore density regions. To make sense of the experimentally observed structure, modeling and computer simulations were used to test a hypothesized mechanism that could produce high-density pockets of spores. The mechanism consists of self-propelled cells aligning with each other and signaling by end-to-end contact to coordinate the process of differentiation resulting in a pattern of clusters observed in the experiment. The integration of novel OCT experimental techniques with computational simulations can provide new insight into the mechanisms that can give rise to the pattern formation seen in other biological systems such as dictyostelids, social amoeba known to form multicellular aggregates observed as slugs under starvation conditions. Understanding bacteria self-organization is an active area of research with broad implications in both microbiology and developmental biology. Myxococcus xanthus undergoes multicellular aggregation and differentiation under starvation and is widely used as a model organism for studying bacteria self-organization. In this paper, we present the findings of an innovative non-invasive experimental technique that reveals a heterogeneous structure of the fruiting body not seen in earlier studies. Insight into the biological mechanism for these observed patterns is gained by integrating experiments with biologically relevant computational simulations. The simulations show that a novel mechanism requiring cell alignment, signaling and steric interactions can explain the pockets of spore clusters observed experimentally in the fruiting bodies of M. xanthus.
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影响因子：
3.2
作者：
BEHMLANDER, RM;DWORKIN, M
通讯作者：
DWORKIN, M
影响因子：
2
作者：
Harvey, Cameron W.;Morcos, Faruck;Alber, Mark
通讯作者：
Alber, Mark
影响因子：
7.2
作者：
Kaiser, Dale;Robinson, Mark;Kroos, Lee
通讯作者：
Kroos, Lee
影响因子：
3.2
作者：
Licking, E;Gorski, L;Kaiser, D
通讯作者：
Kaiser, D
影响因子：
10.5
作者：
SAGER, B;KAISER, D
通讯作者：
KAISER, D