A constellation of eye-tracking measures reveals social attention differences in ASD and the broad autism phenotype.
A constellation of eye-tracking measures reveals social attention differences in ASD and the broad autism phenotype.
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一系列眼球跟踪测量揭示了自闭症和广泛的自闭症表型的社会注意力差异。
DOI：
10.1186/s13229-022-00490-w
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发表时间：
2022-05-04
期刊：
影响因子：
6.2
通讯作者：
Losh, Molly
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nayar, Kritika;Shic, Frederick;Winston, Molly;Losh, Molly
关键词：
通过凝视模式表达的社会注意力差异已在自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）中得到证实，一级亲属之间也存在细微差异，表明存在共同的遗传联系。研究结果大多来自标准的眼动追踪方法（总注视计数或总注视持续时间）。考虑到视觉注意力的动态，这些标准方法可能会掩盖视觉注意力机制中的微妙但核心的差异，特别是那些亚临床表现的差异。这项研究应用了一系列的眼动跟踪分析，从ASD患者及其父母的凝视数据。这项研究包括156名参与者，包括ASD（n = 24）和对照组（n = 32），以及ASD患者的父母（n = 61）和对照父母（n = 39）。显示具有社交/非社交元素的复杂场景，并通过眼动仪跟踪凝视。分析了来自以下类别的11种分析方法：（1）标准变量，（2）时间动态（例如，随时间的注视），（3）注视模式（例如，持续性或回归性注视），（4）第一注视，和（5）分布模式。应用MANOVA、生长曲线分析和卡方检验来检查组间差异。最后，从主成分分析（PCA），减少变量到不同的维度的组成部分的分数进行了检查组的差异。标准、首次注视和分布模式变量之间无组间差异。ASD和ASD父母组都表现出随着时间的推移平均减少的社会关注和非典型的持续注视。较低的社会注意力因子得分来自PCA强烈区分ASD和ASD父母组从控制，与父母的研究结果驱动的子集的父母表现出广泛的自闭症表型。为了概括这些发现，更大的样本量，扩展的查看上下文（例如，动态刺激），甚至需要更多的眼睛跟踪分析方法。固定随着时间的推移和持续固定区分ASD和ASD父母组从控制，与PCA最强大的捕捉社会注意力的差异。研究结果突出了他们的方法效用（广泛）自闭症谱系的研究，以捕捉细微差别的视觉注意力差异，可能与ASD的临床症状，并反映在临床上未受影响的亲属的遗传倾向。这项概念验证研究可能会为未来在社会注意力受到影响的人群中使用眼动追踪的研究提供信息。在线版本包含补充材料，可通过10.1186/s13229-022-00490-w获得。
Social attention differences, expressed through gaze patterns, have been documented in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), with subtle differences also reported among first-degree relatives, suggesting a shared genetic link. Findings have mostly been derived from standard eye-tracking methods (total fixation count or total fixation duration). Given the dynamics of visual attention, these standard methods may obscure subtle, yet core, differences in visual attention mechanisms, particularly those presenting sub-clinically. This study applied a constellation of eye-tracking analyses to gaze data from individuals with ASD and their parents. This study included n = 156 participants across groups, including ASD (n = 24) and control (n = 32) groups, and parents of individuals with ASD (n = 61) and control parents (n = 39). A complex scene with social/non-social elements was displayed and gaze tracked via an eye tracker. Eleven analytic methods from the following categories were analyzed: (1) standard variables, (2) temporal dynamics (e.g., gaze over time), (3) fixation patterns (e.g., perseverative or regressive fixations), (4) first fixations, and (5) distribution patterns. MANOVAs, growth curve analyses, and Chi-squared tests were applied to examine group differences. Finally, group differences were examined on component scores derived from a principal component analysis (PCA) that reduced variables to distinct dimensions. No group differences emerged among standard, first fixation, and distribution pattern variables. Both the ASD and ASD parent groups demonstrated on average reduced social attention over time and atypical perseverative fixations. Lower social attention factor scores derived from PCA strongly differentiated the ASD and ASD parent groups from controls, with parent findings driven by the subset of parents demonstrating the broad autism phenotype. To generalize these findings, larger sample sizes, extended viewing contexts (e.g., dynamic stimuli), and even more eye-tracking analytical methods are needed. Fixations over time and perseverative fixations differentiated ASD and the ASD parent groups from controls, with the PCA most robustly capturing social attention differences. Findings highlight their methodological utility in studies of the (broad) autism spectrum to capture nuanced visual attention differences that may relate to clinical symptoms in ASD, and reflect genetic liability in clinically unaffected relatives. This proof-of-concept study may inform future studies using eye tracking across populations where social attention is impacted. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13229-022-00490-w.
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影响因子：
4.7
作者：
Eckstein MK;Guerra-Carrillo B;Miller Singley AT;Bunge SA
通讯作者：
Bunge SA
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Falck-Ytter, Terje;Fernell, Elisabeth;von Hofsten, Claes
通讯作者：
von Hofsten, Claes
DOI：
10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05445.x
发表时间：
2010-01-01
期刊：
YEAR IN COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE 2010
影响因子：
--
作者：
Adolphs, Ralph
通讯作者：
Adolphs, Ralph
影响因子：
--
作者：
Groen WB;Rommelse N;de Wit T;Zwiers MP;van Meerendonck D;van der Gaag RJ;Buitelaar JK
通讯作者：
Buitelaar JK
影响因子：
9.2
作者：
Adolphs, Ralph;Spezio, Michael L.;Parlier, Morgan;Piven, Joseph
通讯作者：
Piven, Joseph