Neural basis for egalitarian sharing in five-to six-year-old children
Neural basis for egalitarian sharing in five-to six-year-old children
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五至六岁儿童平等分享的神经基础
DOI：
10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2021.107787
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Moriguchi Yusuke
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Meng Xianwei;Moriguchi Yusuke
偏好公平的资源分配反映了人类合作的本质，但其在幼儿中的神经相关性尚不清楚。我们研究了5 ~ 6岁儿童平等主义资源共享的神经机制，以检验早期平等主义需要行为控制来抑制自私冲动的可能性。在研究1中，孩子们参与了一项行为控制任务，在这个任务中，他们需要或不需要抑制他们的冲动行为反应，以快速按下一个键。他们随后通过选择2：2、3：1或4：0的分配方式将资源分配给陌生人。功能性近红外光谱测量记录背外侧前额叶（dlpfc）区域的激活。我们发现，dlpfc区域在涉及行为控制的认知任务中被激活，在平等但不是更自私的分配中也被激活。这些拨款之间没有差别。结果并没有显示出对儿童分享行为的自我消耗效应的证据，这预示着儿童在认知任务中的行为控制被征税后，自我控制的资源耗尽）。研究2显示，在第三方平等分配时，在资源分配的公平性和自身利益之间没有冲突，dlpfc区域没有激活。总的来说，我们发现，幼儿中代价高昂的平均分担与dlpfc区域的激活有关。这些结果表明，昂贵的平等分配有一个共同的神经基础与行为控制在5至6岁的儿童，这意味着早期的平等主义分享需要处理最大化的自我利益和遵循道德规范之间的冲突。
Preferring fair resource distribution reflects human cooperative nature, but its neural correlates in young children are not well known. We investigated the neural mechanism of egalitarian resource sharing in five-to six-year-old children to examine the possibility that early egalitarianism requires behavioral control to inhibit selfish impulses. In Study 1, children participated in a behavioral control task in which they either needed or did not need to inhibit their impulsive behavioral responses in order to quickly press a key. They subsequently allocated their resources to strangers by choosing a 2:2, 3:1, or 4:0 distribution. The activation of the dorsolateral prefrontal (dlpfc) regions was recorded by functional near-infrared spectroscopy measurements. We found that dlpfc regions were activated during cognitive tasks involving behavioral control and also during the equal, but not the more selfish, allocations. There was no difference among these allocations. The results did not show evidence of anego depletioneffecton children's sharing behavior, which predicts that children will share less after their behavioral control is taxed in a cognitive task (i.e., their self-control resource depleted). Study 2 showed no activation of the dlpfc regions during third-party equal allocations in which there was no conflict between fairness and self-interest in the distribution of resources. Overall, we showed that costly equal sharing in young children relates to the activation of dlpfc regions. These results suggest that costly equal allocation has a common neural basis with behavioral control in five-to six-year-old children, implying that early egalitarian sharing requires dealing with conflicts between maximizing self-interest and following moral norms.
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