The origins of the Drosophila leg revealed by the cis-regulatory architecture of the Distalless gene.
The origins of the Drosophila leg revealed by the cis-regulatory architecture of the Distalless gene.
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DOI：
10.1242/dev.029975
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发表时间：
2009-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Mann RS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
McKay DJ;Estella C;Mann RS
肢体发育需要一个proximodistal（PD）轴，形成正交以前定义的背腹（DV）和前后（AP）轴的阐述。在节肢动物中，成年腿的PD轴被细分为两个广泛的领域，近端coxopodite和远端telopodite。我们发现，PD轴到这两个领域的逐步细分发生在胚胎发育过程中，并反映在远端（Dll）基因的顺式调控结构。由Dll 304增强子控制的早期Dll表达在可以产生腿的两个结构域以及整个背侧（翼）附肢的细胞中。在Dll 304被激活后几小时，该增强子的活性减弱，并且两个后作用增强子承担对Dll表达的控制。LT增强子在将产生整个端足且仅端足的细胞中表达。相比之下，激活DKO增强子的细胞将产生一种与腿相关的幼虫感觉结构，称为Keilin器官（KO）。既不激活LT也不激活DKO但激活了Dll 304的细胞将产生基脚。此外，我们描述了控制LT和DKO增强子的反式作用信号，并且令人惊讶地显示，基节祖细胞开始增殖比端节祖细胞早~24小时。总之，这些研究结果提供了一个完整的和高分辨率的果蝇附属物原基的命运地图，连接的主要结构域特定的顺式调控元件在Dll。
Limb development requires the elaboration of a proximodistal (PD) axis, which forms orthogonally to previously defined dorsoventral (DV) and anteroposterior (AP) axes. In arthropods, the PD axis of the adult leg is subdivided into two broad domains, a proximal coxopodite and a distal telopodite. We show that the progressive subdivision of the PD axis into these two domains occurs during embryogenesis and is reflected in the cis-regulatory architecture of the Distalless (Dll) gene. Early Dll expression, governed by the Dll304 enhancer, is in cells that can give rise to both domains of the leg as well as to the entire dorsal (wing) appendage. A few hours after Dll304 is activated, the activity of this enhancer fades, and two later-acting enhancers assume control over Dll expression. The LT enhancer is expressed in cells that will give rise to the entire telopodite, and only the telopodite. By contrast, cells that activate the DKO enhancer will give rise to a leg-associated larval sensory structure known as the Keilin’s organ (KO). Cells that activate neither LT nor DKO, but had activated Dll304, will give rise to the coxopodite. In addition, we describe the trans-acting signals controlling the LT and DKO enhancers, and show, surprisingly, that the coxopodite progenitors begin to proliferate ~24 hours earlier than the telopodite progenitors. Together, these findings provide a complete and high-resolution fate map of the Drosophila appendage primordia, linking the primary domains to specific cis-regulatory elements in Dll.
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