Activation in the VTA and nucleus accumbens increases in anticipation of both gains and losses.
Activation in the VTA and nucleus accumbens increases in anticipation of both gains and losses.
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DOI：
10.3389/neuro.08.021.2009
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发表时间：
2009
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Adcock RA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Carter RM;Macinnes JJ;Huettel SA;Adcock RA
为了体现学习和决策的价值，大脑必须对预期结果的动机相关性和情感效价进行编码。脑桥核（NAcc）和腹侧被盖区（VTA）被认为在代表这些和其他方面的评价中发挥关键作用。在这里，我们操纵了化合价（即，金钱收益或损失）和个人相关性（即，自我导向或慈善导向）的预期结果的货币激励延迟任务的变体。我们使用功能性磁共振成像（fMRI），利用针对NAcc和VTA的成像参数扫描10-成人参与者。对于自我导向和慈善导向的试验，在NAcc和VTA的激活增加到预期的收益，如先前的工作所预测的，但也增加到预期的损失。此外，在两个地区的反应幅度正相关的收益和损失，在参与者中，而一个独立的奖励敏感性协变量预测的相对差异和收益和损失相关的激活自我导向试验。这些结果是不一致的解释，这些地区反映的预期只有积极的效价事件。相反，他们表明，奖励相关区域的预期激活在很大程度上反映了即将发生的事件的动机相关性。
To represent value for learning and decision making, the brain must encode information about both the motivational relevance and affective valence of anticipated outcomes. The nucleus accumbens (NAcc) and ventral tegmental area (VTA) are thought to play key roles in representing these and other aspects of valuation. Here, we manipulated the valence (i.e., monetary gain or loss) and personal relevance (i.e., self-directed or charity-directed) of anticipated outcomes within a variant of the monetary incentive delay task. We scanned young-adult participants using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), utilizing imaging parameters targeted for the NAcc and VTA. For both self-directed and charity-directed trials, activation in the NAcc and VTA increased to anticipated gains, as predicted by prior work, but also increased to anticipated losses. Moreover, the magnitude of responses in both regions was positively correlated for gains and losses, across participants, while an independent reward-sensitivity covariate predicted the relative difference between and gain- and loss-related activation on self-directed trials. These results are inconsistent with the interpretation that these regions reflect anticipation of only positive-valence events. Instead, they indicate that anticipatory activation in reward-related regions largely reflects the motivational relevance of an upcoming event.
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