The functional basis of adaptive evolution in chemostats.

The functional basis of adaptive evolution in chemostats.
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DOI:
10.1111/1574-6976.12082
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发表时间:
2015-01
影响因子:
11.3
通讯作者:
Hong J
Hong J
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Gresham D;Hong J

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生物学的两个核心问题是确定适应性进化的分子基础和了解细胞如何调节其生长。恒化器是一种用于培养细胞的装置,在解决这两个问题方面提供了很大的实用性:它能够精确控制生物体进化的选择压力,并有利于细胞生长速率的实验控制。本综述的目的是综合利用大肠杆菌和酿酒酵母进行长期恒化器选择中适应性进化功能基础的研究结果。我们描述了恒化器的原理,总结了恒化器实验进化的研究,并利用这些研究来评估我们目前对恒化器选择的理解。恒化器适应性进化的功能研究提供了一种独特的方法来探究控制细胞生长的遗传网络,这补充了自然群体中的功能基因组方法和数量性状基因座(QTL)作图。考虑分子功能和进化过程的适应性进化研究的综合方法对于增进我们对进化的理解至关重要。通过重新努力整合这两个研究项目,恒化器中的实验进化非常适合将这种功能综合扩展到遗传网络的研究。
Two central problems in biology are determining the molecular basis of adaptive evolution and understanding how cells regulate their growth. The chemostat is a device for culturing cells that provides great utility in tackling both of these problems: it enables precise control of the selective pressure under which organisms evolve and it facilitates experimental control of cell growth rate. The aim of this review is to synthesize results from studies of the functional basis of adaptive evolution in long-term chemostat selections using Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We describe the principle of the chemostat, provide a summary of studies of experimental evolution in chemostats and use these studies to assess our current understanding of selection in the chemostat. Functional studies of adaptive evolution in chemostats provide a unique means of interrogating the genetic networks that control cell growth, which complements functional genomic approaches and quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping in natural populations. An integrated approach to the study of adaptive evolution that accounts for both molecular function and evolutionary processes is critical to advancing our understanding of evolution. By renewing efforts to integrate these two research programs experimental evolution in chemostats is ideally suited to extending this functional synthesis to the study of genetic networks.
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