Functional analysis of neurovascular adaptations to exercise in the dentate gyrus of young adult mice associated with cognitive gain.
Functional analysis of neurovascular adaptations to exercise in the dentate gyrus of young adult mice associated with cognitive gain.
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DOI：
10.1002/hipo.20543
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发表时间：
2009-10
期刊：
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Rhodes, Justin S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Clark, Peter J.;Brzezinska, Weronika J.;Puchalski, Emily K.;Krone, David A.;Rhodes, Justin S.
有氧运动可以增加成年海马神经发生并增强认知能力，这一发现有望成为再生医学的一个模型。这项研究为这个快速发展的领域增加了两条新的信息。首先，我们测试了运动是否会增加C57 BL/6 J小鼠齿状回，整个海马和纹状体颗粒层的血管密度，这些小鼠已知显示运动的促认知作用。第二，我们确定了运动产生的新神经元参与B6 D2 F1/J（C57 BL/6 J雌性与DBA/2 J雄性的F1代杂种）对高水平跑步的急性神经元反应的程度。将小鼠在有或没有转轮的情况下圈养50天（跑步者与久坐者）。在前10天，他们每天接受BrdU注射以标记分裂细胞。最后10天，测试小鼠在Morris水迷宫和旋转棒上的表现，然后安乐死以测量神经发生、来自跑步的c-Fos诱导和血管密度。在C57 BL/6 J中，运动增加了齿状回和纹状体（但不是整个海马）的神经发生和血管密度，并增强了水迷宫和旋转棒的表现。在B6 D2 F1/J中，运动也增加海马神经发生，但不增加颗粒层中的血管密度。运动对水迷宫的改善是微不足道的，旋转棒没有看到任何增益，可能是因为天花板效应。跑步使颗粒层c-Fos阳性神经元数量增加了5倍，并且在安乐死前90 min内跑步水平与c-Fos密切相关。在跑步者中，~3.3%（±0.008 S.E.）颗粒层中部BrdU阳性神经元的c-Fos表达率为0.8%（±0.001），而BrdU阴性神经元的c-Fos表达率为0.8%（±0.001）。结果表明，运动的促认知效应与C57 BL/6 J小鼠齿状回和纹状体血管密度增加有关，运动产生的新神经元优先在B6 D2 F1/J小鼠对跑步的神经元反应中起作用。
The discovery that aerobic exercise increases adult hippocampal neurogenesis and can enhance cognitive performance holds promise as a model for regenerative medicine. This study adds two new pieces of information to the rapidly growing field. First, we tested whether exercise increases vascular density in the granular layer of the dentate gyrus, whole hippocampus, and striatum in C57BL/6J mice known to display procognitive effects of exercise. Second, we determined the extent to which new neurons from exercise participate in the acute neuronal response to high levels of running in B6D2F1/J (F1 hybrid of C57BL/6J female by DBA/2J male). Mice were housed with or without a running wheel for 50 days (runner vs. sedentary). The first 10 days, they received daily injections of BrdU to label dividing cells. The last 10 days, mice were tested for performance on the Morris water maze and rotarod and then euthanized to measure neurogenesis, c-Fos induction from running and vascular density. In C57BL/6J, exercise increased neurogenesis, density of blood vessels in the dentate gyrus and striatum (but not whole hippocampus), and enhanced performance on the water maze and rotarod. In B6D2F1/J, exercise also increased hippocampal neurogenesis but not vascular density in the granular layer. Improvement on the water maze from exercise was marginal, and no gain was seen for rotarod, possibly because of a ceiling effect. Running increased the number of c-Fos positive neurons in the granular layer by fivefold, and level of running was strongly correlated with c-Fos within 90 min before euthanasia. In runners, ~3.3% (±0.008 S.E.) of BrdU-positive neurons in the middle of the granule layer displayed c-Fos when compared with 0.8% (±0.001) of BrdU-negative neurons. Results suggest that procognitive effects of exercise are associated with increased vascular density in the dentate gyrus and striatum in C57BL/6J mice, and that new neurons from exercise preferentially function in the neuronal response to running in B6D2F1/J.
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