Withdrawal: A key consideration in evaluating whether highly processed foods are addictive.
Withdrawal: A key consideration in evaluating whether highly processed foods are addictive.
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DOI：
10.1111/obr.13507
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发表时间：
2022-11
期刊：
影响因子：
8.9
通讯作者：
Gearhardt, Ashley N.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Parnarouskis, Lindsey;Leventhal, Adam M.;Ferguson, Stuart G.;Gearhardt, Ashley N.
研究人员目前正在争论成瘾理论是否可以解释强迫性过度进食高度加工（HP）食品（即，工业生产的食物富含精制碳水化合物和/或脂肪），这会导致肥胖和饮食相关疾病。一部分人食用的HP食物的行为表型反映了物质使用障碍。戒断，在减少或停止物质使用后出现令人厌恶的身体和心理症状，是成瘾的核心组成部分，是关于其他物质成瘾潜力的历史辩论的核心（例如，尼古丁和可卡因）。然而，没有人系统地考虑过HP食物是否会导致戒断的证据，这代表了关于成瘾模型用于理解强迫性暴饮暴食的实用性的关键知识差距。因此，我们回顾了动物和人类在减少或消除HP食物摄入时是否表现出戒断的证据。对照实验证据表明，动物经历HP食物戒断，其特征是神经奖励变化和与戒断其他成瘾物质一致的行为。在人类中，初步证据支持主观的戒断体验。然而，目前大多数人类研究仅限于回顾性回忆。需要进一步的实验研究来评估这种结构。我们概述了未来的研究方向，以调查人类HP食物戒断，并考虑潜在的临床意义。
Researchers are currently debating whether theories of addiction explain compulsive overeating of highly processed (HP) foods (i.e., industrially created foods high in refined carbohydrates and/or fat), which contributes to obesity and diet‐related disease. A subset of individuals consumes HP foods with behavioral phenotypes that mirror substance use disorders. Withdrawal, the emergence of aversive physical and psychological symptoms upon reduction or cessation of substance use, is a core component of addiction that was central to historical debates about other substances' addictive potential (e.g., nicotine and cocaine). However, no one has systematically considered evidence for whether HP foods cause withdrawal, which represents a key knowledge gap regarding the utility of addiction models for understanding compulsive overeating. Thus, we reviewed evidence for whether animals and humans exhibit withdrawal when reducing or eliminating HP food intake. Controlled experimental evidence indicates animals experience HP food withdrawal marked by neural reward changes and behaviors consistent with withdrawal from other addictive substances. In humans, preliminary evidence supports subjective withdrawal‐like experiences. However, most current human research is limited to retrospective recall. Further experimental research is needed to evaluate this construct. We outline future research directions to investigate HP food withdrawal in humans and consider potential clinical implications.
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影响因子：
2.3
作者：
Bujarski, Spencer;Roche, Daniel J. O.;Ray, Lara A.
通讯作者：
Ray, Lara A.
影响因子：
4.2
作者：
Epstein, Leonard H.;Paluch, Rocco A.;Beecher, Meghan D.
通讯作者：
Beecher, Meghan D.
影响因子：
5.4
作者：
Falbe J;Thompson HR;Patel A;Madsen KA
通讯作者：
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影响因子：
3.4
作者：
Epstein, David H.;Preston, Kenzie L.
通讯作者：
Preston, Kenzie L.
DOI：
10.1177/02698811211005629
发表时间：
2021-10
期刊：
Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England)
影响因子：
--
作者：
Chellian R;Behnood-Rod A;Bruijnzeel DM;Wilson R;Pandy V;Bruijnzeel AW
通讯作者：
Bruijnzeel AW