Entering the era of nanoscience: time to be so small.
Entering the era of nanoscience: time to be so small.
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DOI：
10.1166/jbn.2013.1642
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发表时间：
2013-09
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Uskoković V
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Uskoković V
纳米科学领域在其历史上产生的炒作可能比材料科学和工程的任何其他分支都要多。尽管如此，这个新领域的潜力在很大程度上还没有被我们发现；到目前为止，我们对纳米级物理过程的特性所了解的还只是冰山一角。在这篇批判性的评论中，详细阐述了这样一种观点，即对纳米尺度物理化学现象的兴趣激增，是人类控制物理现实基质的能力在空间上得到改进的自然结果。举例说明了材料性质对纳米尺度上晶粒尺寸的敏感性，这种现象直接促进了纳米科学作为科学研究的一个特殊领域的兴起。本文还提到了当前和未来科学家在这一领域面临的主要系统性挑战。在某种程度上，这篇透视文章就像站在纳米科学和纳米工程不断扩展的海岸上，想象着这个岛屿上最重要的进步可能发生的部分，因此，该领域科学家的大部分注意力将集中在那里：(a)跨越生命科学和材料科学之间的鸿沟；(b)提高实验灵敏度；(c)交叉理论与实验；(d)结合自上而下和自下而上的综合方法。至于讨论的材料和应用领域，特别强调磷酸钙纳米颗粒及其在受控药物输送装置和其他生物医学相关应用中的使用。有人认为，纳米颗粒作为药物载体的特性通常是药物治疗效果的关键决定因素。因此，本文讨论了纳米颗粒的基本性质：尺寸、尺寸分布、形态、多晶性、结晶度、生物相容性、可生物降解性、药物洗脱谱和聚集倾向。
The field of nanoscience has produced more hype than probably any other branch of materials science and engineering in its history. Still, the potentials of this new field largely lay undiscovered ahead of us; what we have learnt so far with respect to the peculiarity of physical processes on the nanoscale is only the tip of an iceberg. Elaborated in this critical review is the idea that the surge of interest in physical chemistry of phenomena at the nanoscale presents a natural consequence of the spatial refinement of the human ability to controllably manipulate the substratum of our physical reality. Examples are given to illustrate the sensitivity of material properties to grain size on the nanoscale, a phenomenon that directly contributed to the rise of nanoscience as a special field of scientific inquiry. Main systemic challenges faced by the present and future scientists in this field are also mentioned. In part, this perspective article resembles standing on the constantly expanding seashore of the coast of nanoscience and nanoengineering and envisioning the parts of the island where the most significant advances may be expected to occur and where, therefore, most of the attention of scientist in this field is to be directed: (a) crossing the gap between life science and materials science; (b) increasing experimentation sensitivity; (c) crisscrossing theory and experiments; and (d) conjoining top-down and bottom-up synthetic approaches. As for materials and the application areas discussed, a special emphasis is placed on calcium phosphate nanoparticles and their usage in controlled drug delivery devices and other applications of biomedical relevance. It is argued that the properties of nanoparticles as drug carriers often comprise the critical determinant for the efficacy of the drug therapy. Therefore, the basic properties of nanoparticles to be optimized for the purpose of maximizing this efficacy are discussed: size, size distribution, morphology, polymorphic nature, crystallinity, biocompatibility, biodegradability, drug elution profiles, and aggregation propensity.
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