Sign-tracking is an expectancy-mediated behavior that relies on prediction error mechanisms.
Sign-tracking is an expectancy-mediated behavior that relies on prediction error mechanisms.
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DOI：
10.1101/lm.047365.118
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发表时间：
2018-10
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Delamater AR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Derman RC;Schneider K;Juarez S;Delamater AR
当离散的本地化刺激在食欲巴甫洛夫条件反射，“符号跟踪”和“目标跟踪”的反应出现。当条件反应指向CS时，观察到信号跟踪，而目标跟踪表现为对预期奖励传递的网站的反应。这些行为似乎依赖于不同的，虽然重叠的神经回路，而且，可能，不同的心理过程，以及，被认为是与成瘾的脆弱性。目前流行的一种观点是，符号追踪反映了一种激励的动机过程，而目标追踪反映了更多自上而下的认知过程的影响。为了验证这些想法，我们使用了疾病引起的结果贬值和Kamin阻断程序来确定这些行为是否依赖于相似或不同的潜在联想机制。在实验1和2中，我们发现，结果贬值减少标志跟踪反应，表明标志跟踪是由奖励预期控制。我们还观察到，在这些动物中，CS后的目标跟踪也是贬值敏感的。为了测试这两类行为是否依赖于相似或不同的预测误差机制，我们接下来测试了在这两类行为中是否可以观察到Kamin阻塞效应。在实验3中，我们问，如果标志跟踪到一个杠杆CS可以阻止发展的目标跟踪到一个音CS，而在实验4中，我们研究了目标跟踪到一个音CS是否可以阻止标志跟踪到一个杠杆CS。在这两个实验中观察到阻塞效应，这表明标志和目标跟踪出现通过一个共同的预测误差机制。总的来说，这里报告的研究表明，介导符号和目标跟踪的心理机制比通常承认的更相似。
When discrete localizable stimuli are used during appetitive Pavlovian conditioning, “sign-tracking” and “goal-tracking” responses emerge. Sign-tracking is observed when conditioned responding is directed toward the CS, whereas goal-tracking manifests as responding directed to the site of expected reward delivery. These behaviors seem to rely on distinct, though overlapping neural circuitries, and, possibly, distinct psychological processes as well, and are thought to be related to addiction vulnerability. One currently popular view is that sign-tracking reflects an incentive motivational process, whereas goal-tracking reflects the influence of more top-down cognitive processes. To test these ideas, we used illness-induced outcome-devaluation and Kamin blocking procedures to determine whether these behaviors rely on similar or distinct underlying associative mechanisms. In Experiments 1 and 2 we showed that outcome-devaluation reduced sign-tracking responses, demonstrating that sign-tracking is controlled by reward expectancies. We also observed that post-CS goal-tracking in these animals is also devaluation sensitive. To test whether these two types of behaviors rely on similar or different prediction error mechanisms, we next tested whether Kamin blocking effects could be observed across these two classes of behaviors. In Experiment 3 we asked if sign-tracking to a lever CS could block the development of goal-tracking to a tone CS; whereas in Experiment 4, we examined whether goal-tracking to a tone CS could block sign-tracking to a lever CS. In both experiments blocking effects were observed suggesting that both sign- and goal-tracking emerge via a common prediction error mechanism. Collectively, the studies reported here suggest that the psychological mechanisms mediating sign- and goal-tracking are more similar than is commonly acknowledged.
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影响因子：
64.8
作者：
Flagel SB;Clark JJ;Robinson TE;Mayo L;Czuj A;Willuhn I;Akers CA;Clinton SM;Phillips PE;Akil H
通讯作者：
Akil H
影响因子：
2.7
作者：
Khallad, Y;Moore, J
通讯作者：
Moore, J
影响因子：
2.7
作者：
Flagel, Shelly B.;Watson, Stanley J.;Robinson, Terry E.
通讯作者：
Robinson, Terry E.
影响因子：
7.6
作者：
Flagel, Shelly B.;Robinson, Terry E.;Clark, Jeremy J.;Clinton, Sarah M.;Watson, Stanley J.;Seeman, Phillip;Phillips, Paul E. M.;Akil, Huda
通讯作者：
Akil, Huda
影响因子：
2.7
作者：
DAVEY, GCL;CLELAND, GG
通讯作者：
CLELAND, GG